The nitrogen oxides (NOx) produced by mobile and stationary sources are the main sources of photochemistry and smog acid rain. Ammonia selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is one of the most effective methods for removing NOx. It is widely used in power plants and other industrial environments.Due to its high oxygen storage capacity and excellent redox characteristics of conversion between Ce4+ and Ce3+, the application of cerium oxide-based oxides in the NH3-SCR reaction has attracted more and more attention. However, compared with vanadium catalysts, the SO2 tolerance is a great challenge for CeO2 SCR catalysts applied in stationary sources especially at low and mediate temperatures.

The reduction of fossil fuel sources, environmental pollution caused by engine fuel combustion, and concerns about energy supply have prompted researchers to look for renewable energy sources. Biodiesel has a high flash point (>130 °C), octane number and high combustion yield, as well as appropriate density and viscosity, excellent lubricants, and free sulfur and aromatic compounds. These characteristics have been applied to this engine without any modification and warm-up.

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted by fossil fuel combustion are one of the main air pollutants, posing a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health. To cope with huge environmental pressure and strict emission targets, NH3 selective catalytic reduction of NOx (NH3-SCR) is still the mainstream NOx control technology.

Tungsten-copper (W-Cu) composite materials have comprehensive properties such as good thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, low thermal expansion, non-magnetic, good performance under vacuum, and arc corrosion resistance, and are widely used in civil industry and aerospace fields. Therefore, they are often used as electrical contacts, especially in high voltage applications.

With the development of industrialization, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in automobile exhaust and industrial emissions is a serious threat to human health and the ecological environment. 0.1 ppm or even less NO2 will cause significant health effect to human health. Therefore, the highly sensitive NO2 gas sensor has attracted widespread attention. In various gas sensors, metal oxide semiconductor-based sensors are widely applied in industrial, medical and other fields. Due to the presence of several oxidation states of W, tungsten oxide (WO3) is a common sensing material for NO2 semiconductor sensors.

In the past few decades, electrochromic devices have received great attention from researchers in related fields in the materials industry. Electrochromism is a reversible change in optical properties (such as absorbance and transmittance) of a material under low electric fields. Electrochromic devices have a wide range of applications, including reflective displays, smart windows, information displays, and electrochromic paper.

Today, hydrogen is used in a variety of industrial applications. Initially, it was the basic material required in various chemical processes such as oil refining, the production of ammonia and methanol, and the synthesis of many polymers. In addition, hydrogen is also used in other industrial sectors, namely: glass and electronics production, metallurgy and food industry. Due to its characteristics, hydrogen is also considered to be one of the most important energy sources and can replace carbon-based fuels.

The information provided is given as reference. The gas molecules of Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are not benefit to the human, plant, and animals. The gas can cause various problems, such as negative effect to lungs, smog rain, and is mainly fashioned from the burning of fossil fuels inside the combustion engines, alongside the other forms of NOx, such as NO and N2O.

Electrochromic (EC) materials have received distinguished attention because of their potential applications in smart windows, displays, and antiglare rearview mirrors. More interestingly, the electrochromic smart windows are considered being able to provide indoor comfort and reduce energy consumption in buildings because it could exhibit an ability to regulate the amount of sunlight entering the buildings. To achieve the excellent energy-saving effect, electrochromic smart windows should be able to adjust to near-infrared light along with visible light due to its broad range in sunlight.