With the development of nanotechnology, tungsten disulfide nanomaterials (WS₂NM) have been a new choice for optical biosensors. Researchers reported the use of a simple method to create a hybrid material consisting of WS₂ nanosheets and hydroxylated MWCNTs (WS₂/MWCNTs-OH). The substrate was screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE), which has the advantage of requiring minimal cost and being disposable and energy efficient. Modification with WS₂/MWCNTs-OH composites improved the rate of sensitive and selective behavior.

Tungsten disulfide nanomaterials can be successfully used in biosensors and nanomedicine, such as observation of DNA hybridization, enzymes, and proteins, as well as environmental contamination and medical diagnostics. For a long time, electrochemical biosensors, such as semiconductors and screen-printed electrodes, have been used for various applications in numerous fields.

Tungsten disulfide nanomaterials (WS₂NM) are new nanostructures that could be a new option for biosensors. Bio-sensors were developed as a combination of bioreceptors and sensors and are classified according to their elements. They are usually classified into three categories based on the transducer, including electrochemical, optical, and electrical conductivity methods. Meanwhile, the classification of biomarkers is based on molecules, cells, and tissues.

Tungsten disulfide nanomaterials (WS₂NM) are new nanostructures that could be a new option for biosensors and nanomedicine. Tungsten disulfide (WS₂) is a transition metal disulfide. Recently, WS₂NM such as WS₂ nanotubes, nanoparticles, quantum dots, and WS₂-based nanocomposites have been used in several medical and bioscience studies.

Scientific background of doped tungsten wires

The systematic and purposeful doping of tungsten oxide powders was already patented in 1922. However, the doping of elemental potassium and its role in the formation and stabilization of creep-resistant recrystallization intercalated microstructures was only understood after 1964, when new tools for scanning and transmission electron microscopy and new instruments for surface analysis, especially Auger-Electron-Spectrometry (AES), could be used to perform modern microstructural and chemical analysis of nanometer-sized aggregates. Modern microstructural and chemical analyses were performed.

The Invention of Hard Metals

The next important milestone in the chronology of the development of doped tungsten wires is 1923, which marked the year when K. Schröter, chief engineer of the OSRAM research group in Berlin, Germany, made a cemented carbide or hard metal by combining tungsten carbide (WC) and cobalt powder through mixing, pressing and liquid-phase sintering.

The Coolidge Process

William D. Coolidge (1873-1975), Figure 8, began his career at GE's research laboratory in September 1905. Interestingly, Coolidge's first task was to investigate the cause of the rapid breakage of the filament of the German tantalum lamp when operating under alternating current, most likely due to the limitations of the lamp's cavity technology and the residual gas in the bulb.

From a historical perspective, William D. Coolidge's development PM process and tool "for making tungsten ductile" in 1909 marked the beginning of the use of tungsten filaments in the lighting industry. William D. Coolidge's development of the PM process and tools to "make tungsten ductile" in 1909 marked a breakthrough in the use of tungsten filaments in the lighting industry and began the modern industrial era of Powder Metallurgy.

In recent years, tungsten rings have been a popular choice for their durable and scratch-resistant properties. However, they can also lose their luster over time. Below, we will explain how to take care of your tungsten wedding ring.

Atomically thin layers of semiconductors, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) and tungsten disulfide (WS₂), are promising materials for nanoscale photonic devices. These nearly two-dimensional semiconductor support so-called excitons or bound electron-hole pairs, which can be aligned vertically along the thin planes of the material.