Tungsten trioxide is an important raw material for the preparation of electrochromic thin film. It is reported that WO3 and Ti doped WO3 films can be prepared by pulsed DC reactive magnetron sputtering with metal tungsten and tungsten-titanium alloy as targets. The experts studied the effects of film thickness on the crystal structure, surface morphology, and the electrochromic properties such as modulation amplitude, response time and cycle life. And they found that:

Electrochromism of WO3 film is often studied, and the obtained tungsten trioxide electrochromic film is more and more widely used in building glass for heat insulation, thereby saving energy. Wherein, electrochromism refers to the phenomenon that the optical properties of a material undergo a stable and reversible color change under the action of an applied electric field, and the appearance is a reversible change in color and transparency. And tungsten trioxide film is an electrochromic film.

Mo-doping WO3 electrochromic film is an electrochromic material that may be applied to large-area architectural glass to obtain smart windows, which ultimately plays the role of thermal insulation and heat preservation. For this, some experts have prepared different concentrations of molybdenum-doped nanocrystalline tungsten trioxide thin films by spray pyrolysis method, and found that:

Nano crystalline tungsten trioxide film has excellent electrochromic properties for applying in building glass to obtain smart glass with heat insulating performance. From a material point of view, the electrochromic properties of tungsten oxide thin films are mainly related to the ion diffusion coefficient and the diffusion pathway. Therefore, some experts have controlled the structure and morphology of tungsten oxide to improve the electrochromic performance of the transparent tungsten oxide film.