Tungsten Carbide Button Developments

Recent years, due to mechanization and intelligent technology developments, tungsten carbide products used for drilling has a rapid development. The main trends include the following: ultra-fine or nano structure tungsten carbide, high-temperature powder based tungsten carbide, functionally gradient carbide, carbide modified binder, double bonded carbide and WC-Co-diamond three phase composite hard materials and so on.

1. Ultra-fine or nano structure tungsten carbide button: It is one of the hotspot recently. In the early 1990s, related researchers began to focus on grain refining preparing submicron ultrafine and nano-structured carbide launched a study. This is owing to with the continuous grain refinement, the density, the hardness, the toughness and the wear resistance of tungsten carbide materials will be remarkably improved. At the same time drilling equipment for drilling requirements are also getting higher and higher, especially high-pressure drilling of wear resistance and toughness carbide button have strict requirements, and ultrafine grain cemented carbide can fully meet its performance.

2. High-temperature powder based tungsten carbide button: It is one kinds of new process that high-temperature reducing raw material powder and high temperature carbonization, which the preparation of WC powder has integrity, high strength and high energy storage. Compared with conventional vacuum heat treatment, average footage carbide button ratio increased by 50%, drilling speed of nearly 100%, with an average increase of about 100% abrasion resistance, product quality and stability and service life have been greatly improved.

3. Functionally Gradient carbide buttons: In sintering or heat treatment process through the appropriate climate-induced diffusion in the alloy C, and through a chemical reaction so that other members rearrangement and distribution, leading to changes in alloy composition and structure along a certain direction, forming a gradient structure, different parts with different functions. Functionally Gradient carbide buttons usually low carbon alloy carburizing process (pass into CH4, CO and other carbon-containing gas) method of extraction, the treated W and Co ball distribution in the diameter direction. This structure gives button higher wear resistance and toughness, both functionally graded cemented carbide DTH drill, drill or cone ball tooth drill bit life have a significantly improved.

4. New binder modifying carbide buttons: Treatment with molten metal (Ni or Si as alloying additive elements), Ni and Si alloy can significantly improve the ability of anti-fatigue cracks. In addition, Ni sintered alloy melt to permeate the process of WC skeleton occurred off junction formed developed WC / Co sintered alloy phase interface, the grain size is reduced, thereby the fracture toughness increases. The results show that the solder alloy cone rotary drilling bit, the working efficiency is improved by 1.8 times.

5. Double bonded carbide: Compared with conventional tungsten carbide, tungsten carbide pellet is composed of sintered pellets instead of hard compound. The sintered pellets mixed with a binder metal and a second sintering, thereby making the fracture toughness without lowering the hardness of the premise of a substantial increase.

6. WC-Co-diamond three-phase composite hard materials: High temperature high pressure synthesis, powder / polymer mixture extruded into green compacts, and then consolidated by high temperature and pressure synthesis of diamond. It has many advantages, such as reducing the mismatch in thermal expansion and elastic stress off the diamond enhanced; diamond enhanced surface and the wear resistance improved; Fracture toughness of WC-Co- diamond composite surface is excellent, improve service life.

tungsten carbide buttons

 

Tungsten Carbide Micro-drill Rods Has Been Overcome

With the rapid development of science and technology, whether mechanical industry or microelectronics and even medical fields, all tends to miniaturized and sophisticated. Even the traditional carbide industry is no exception, conventional carbide bar diameter range is generally φ1-40mm. Tungsten carbide rods is also known as tungsten carbide bars, which consists of refractory metal compound as a hard phase and a binder phase metal. Due to its high hardness, high density, high strength and excellent wear and corrosion resistance, it can be widely used in metal cutting tools, drills, grinding tools. But tungsten carbide material is brittle, so there is a great difficulty on tungsten carbide ultra-fine rods manufacturing, which is always a barrier in the development of domestic tungsten carbide industry,

Recent years, some domestic enterprises had a breakthrough in tungsten carbide ultra-fine tungsten carbide rods. In general, in conventional tungsten carbide industry, fabricating diameter of less than 3mm rod is already a certain degree of difficulty. But they through continuous efforts to break through technical difficulties, it is now capable of producing ultra-fine 0.6mm tungsten carbide rods. Throughout the development process, from ingredients, pressing to sintering, each procedure they have to conquer one by one. It requires the use of ingredients when nano-scale particles as a main raw material, and meanwhile pay attention to the ratio of raw materials; the most difficult part is pressing and drying section, due to the mold mouth is very small, conventional extrusion molding agent is hard to achieve extrusion molding. So the relevant researchers updated the recipe of the agent by searching the materials abroad and find the best solution; sintering process is also a part needs precise controlling, due to the small diameter once a parameter error will shrink products uneven, resulting in deformation. Through continuous testing, and finally developed an alternative to imported products for ultra-fine micro-drilling diameter tungsten carbide rods, to break the foreign monopoly on the Chinese market. Currently, tungsten carbide ultra-fine rods mainly used in PCB (Printed Circuit Board) drilling, and the micro-drill by high-speed steel used in dental has been replaced by tungsten carbide micro-drills gradually.

tungsten carbide micro drills

 

Overseas Companies Successfully Separated Rare Earth Element Scandium

Some rare metals enterprises overseas have successfully separated element scandium from the enrichment extract liquor, the raw materials is from the project of Ucore Rare Metals that located in the mountains of Alaska Bocandotsen Mountains.
 
Separation of the rare earth elements is very difficult, to find scandium from mixed deposits is not easy in fact. The company adopted the separation process of the working methods laboratory used before. More than 99% of scandium has been separated from other rare earth elements. There is little scandium contained in the enrichment extract liquor substantially. To separate scandium quickly and efficiently and make it into available metal do not require to separate it from the throughout rare earth elements matrix. The differences of Separation of Scandium in this company and other plants is to reduce selective techniques, such as solvent extraction and ion exchange. The purpose of separating scandium is to completely remove scandium from the enrichment extract liquor, the whole process doesn’t have to remove any other rare earth elements. The successful completion of this plan has retained the value of the enrichment extract liquor and helped to be separated from the subsequent circuit.
 
Scandium is present in most of the deposits of rare earth and uranium compounds, but it is extracted from these ores in only a few mines worldwide. Because of the low availability and the difficulties in the preparation of metallic scandium, which was first done in 1937, applications for scandium were not developed until the 1970s. The positive effects of scandium on aluminium alloys were discovered in the 1970s, and its use in such alloys remains its only major application. The global trade of scandium oxide is about 10 tonnes per year. The addition of scandium to aluminium limits the grain growth in the heat zone of welded aluminium components. This has two beneficial effects: the precipitated Al3Sc forms smaller crystals than in other aluminium alloys, and the volume of precipitate-free zones at the grain boundaries of age-hardening aluminium alloys is reduced. Both of these effects increase the usefulness of the alloy.
 
The main application of scandium by weight is in aluminium-scandium alloys for minor aerospace industry components. These alloys contain between 0.1% and 0.5% of scandium. They were used in the Russian military aircraft, specifically the MiG-21 and MiG-29. Some items of sports equipment, which rely on high performance materials, have been made with scandium-aluminium alloys, including baseball bats and bicycle frames and components. Lacrosse sticks are also made with scandium. The American firearm manufacturing company, Smith & Wesson, produces revolvers with frames of scandium alloy and cylinders of titanium or carbon steel.

Scandium

Tungsten Heater - Customs Announcement No. 11, 2016

tungsten heaterSince Jeong eun kim was in office, earthshaking changes have taken place for the domestic matters in North Korea, gradually he takes the full control of the political situation. He becomes the real master of all states' rights, and it seems to have a tendency to centralization of power. Recently, North Korea is in a time of emergency whose political situation is relatively unstable, therefore, the China made clear regulation for transporting minerals for North Korea. In the April 5, 2016, the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China published an embargo for partial minerals for North Korea.

Announcement mainly mentioned that import coal and iron and iron ore from North Korean is prohibited. Unless the imports have been proven that they were not produce in North Korean and importers should provide information and application to provincial competent commercial section, after a series of proof then importers can import things. Secondly, it is not allowed to import gold ore, vanadium and titanium ore and rare minerals. There is also a ban on the export of aviation fuel, including aviation gasoline, naphtha type jet fuel, kerosene type jet fuel and kerosene rocket fuel to North Korean, unless it has passed through the UN Security Council Sanctions Committee.

With the rapid development of chinese economy, wolfram heater industry also continues to expand and grow, and since China has been joining the WTO, the export of this industry is gradually increased. Although the past two years, the export situation in China is not optimistic, but in accordance with relevant policy information issued by the State which did not make strict controls for tungsten heater, indicating that wolfram heater still has good investment prospects. What’s more, with the continuous improvement of the national scientific and technological strength, quality and quantity of tungsten heater has been improve, coupled with the reputation "Tungsten City", therefore, tungsten heat would remain the stable development of the state.

 

Haze Governing Advantageous Weapon - Tungsten Trioxide Desulfurization Catalyst

Diesel desulfurization came out a new technology! Recently, Chinese scientists have developed a new type of catalyst, which can produce the clean diesel with sulfur content controlled in the national V standard under the mild operating conditions on the basis of existing production processes and equipment. Currently, the catalyst was successful industrial trial run on 200,000 tons / year of diesel hydrogenation unit. According to the developers, the catalyst can be used in straight-run diesel fuel, straight-run diesel and diesel hybrid diesel catalytic and catalytic diesel ultra-deep desulfurization, thus to meet the national V, as well as indicators of future sulfur diesel requirements of the national VI.

desulfurization catalyst and haze
 
Haze is the focus of ecological environment Thirteen Five-Year period, while motor vehicle exhaust emission is one of the major causes of haze. China has promulgated the legislation of enforcing to reduce the sulfur content in the fuel, and will carry out the State V diesel standard of a sulfur content of less than 10mg / kg before the end of this year. However, the most economic and easy way of diesel quality upgrading is to develop a high efficient hydrodesulfurization catalyst, to cut the sulfur pollution control from the source.
 
Of course, when the high sulfur content of the oil has been flowed into the market, we need to have the appropriate means to manage it. As we all know, the catalyst and non-precious metal catalyst which can be used in frequency combustion conditions have been developed for some time -- tungsten trioxide SCR desulfurization catalyst; with its active surface, it has catalytic oxidation can promote the direct reaction of sulfur dioxide, accelerate the dissolution of calcium carbonate, promote calcium sulfite rapidly oxidized to calcium sulfate, strengthen the precipitation of calcium sulfate, lower the ratio of liquid and gas, reduce the ratio of calcium and sulfur, reduce the evaporation of water. Thus, to maximize purify the sulfur dioxide and other harmful gases in the exhaust gas. Furthermore, since the tungsten trioxide catalyst can improve the properties of anti-vulcanization, anti-drug, anti-sintering ect., and thus to enhance the catalytic activity, improve the desulfurization efficiency, which makes it widely used in desulfurization catalyst.

 

 

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