Tungsten Alloy Collimator in Radiation Therapy

Tungsten alloy collimators (beam limiting devices) are used in linear accelerators used for radiotherapy treatments. Tungsten alloy collimators help to shape the beam of radiation emerging from the machine and can limit the maximum field size of a beam.

The treatment head of a linear accelerator consists of both a primary and secondary collimator. The primary collimator is positioned after the electron beam has reached a vertical orientation. When using photons, it is placed after the beam has passed through the X-ray target. The secondary collimator is positioned after either a flattening filter (for photon therapy) or a scattering foil (for electron therapy). The secondary collimator consists of two jaws which can be moved to either enlarge or minimize the size of the treatment field.

New systems involving tungsten alloy multileaf collimators (MLCs) are used to further shape a beam to localize treatment fields in radiotherapy. Tungsten alloy multileaf collimators consist of approximately 50–120 leaves of tungsten alloy collimator plates which slide into place to form the desired field shape.

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