Tungsten acid can be used for electroplating.

Electroplating is a process that uses electric current to reduce dissolved metal cations so that they form a coherent metal coating on an electrode. The term is also used for electrical oxidation of anions onto a solid substrate, as in the formation silver chloride on silver wire to make silver/silver-chloride electrodes. Electroplating is primarily used to change the surface properties of an object (e.g. abrasion and wear resistance, corrosion protection, lubricity, aesthetic qualities, etc.), but may also be used to build up thickness on undersized parts or to form objects by electroforming.

The process used in electroplating is called electrodeposition. It is analogous to a galvanic cell acting in reverse. The part to be plated is the cathode of the circuit. In one technique, the anode is made of the metal to be plated on the part. Both components are immersed in a solution called an electrolyte containing one or more dissolved metal salts as well as other ions that permit the flow of electricity. A power supply supplies a direct current to the anode, oxidizing the metal atoms that it comprises and allowing them to dissolve in the solution. At the cathode, the dissolved metal ions in the electrolyte solution are reduced at the interface between the solution and the cathode, such that they "plate out" onto the cathode. The rate at which the anode is dissolved is equal to the rate at which the cathode is plated, vis-a-vis the current through the circuit. In this manner, the ions in the electrolyte bath are continuously replenished by the anode.

Other electroplating processes may use a non-consumable anode such as lead or carbon. In these techniques, ions of the metal to be plated must be periodically replenished in the bath as they are drawn out of the solution. The most common form of electroplating is used for creating coins such as pennies, which are small zinc plates covered in a layer of copper.


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Tungsten acid can be used for making tungstate.

In chemistry a tungstate is a compound that contains an oxoanion of tungsten or is a mixed oxide containing tungsten. The simplest tungstate ion is WO₄²⁻, "orthotungstate". Many other tungstates belong to a large group of polyatomic ions that are termed polyoxometalates, ("POMs"), and specifically termed isopolyoxometalates as they contain, along with oxygen and maybe hydrogen, only one other element. Almost all useful tungsten ores are tungstates.


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Tungsten acid can be used for refractory material.

A refractory material is one that retains its strength at high temperatures. ASTM C71 defines refractories as "non-metallic materials having those chemical and physical properties that make them applicable for structures, or as components of systems, that are exposed to environments above 1,000 °F (811 K; 538 °C)".

Refractory materials are used in linings for furnaces, kilns, incinerators and reactors. They are also used to make crucibles.


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Tungsten acid can be used for catalyst.

Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalyst. With a catalyst, reactions occur faster and with less energy. Because catalysts are not consumed, they are recycled. Often only tiny amounts are required.

Catalysts can be heterogeneous or homogeneous, depending on whether a catalyst exists in the same phase as the substrate. Biocatalysts (enzymes) are often seen as a separate group.

Estimates are that 90% of all commercially produced chemical products involve catalysts at some stage in the process of their manufacture. In 2005, catalytic processes generated about $900 billion in products worldwide.

 

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Tungsten acid can be used for mordant.

A mordant is a substance used to set dyes on fabrics or tissue sections by forming a coordination complex with the dye which then attaches to the fabric or tissue. It may be used for dyeing fabrics, or for intensifying stains in cell or tissue preparations. The term mordant comes from the present participle of French mordre, "to bite". In the past, it was thought that a mordant helped the dye bite onto the fiber so that it would hold fast during washing. A mordant is often a polyvalent metal ion. The resulting coordination complex of dye and ion is colloidal and can be either acidic or alkaline.

 

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Physical vapor deposition (PVD) coatings are normally about 2-4 microns thick with hardness and chemical stable properties.



Generally the processes to help the tungsten carbide inserts to put on PVD coatings comprise, firstly the tungsten carbide inserts are required to be mounted on racks separately from each other. Besides setting the whole racks revolving within the vacuum furnace, each rack with the inserts is designed to expose every surface of the inserts is exposed to the deposition process. After that, a strong negative charge is applied to the inserts. Inside the vacuum furnace, there is a piece of titanium, or titanium and aluminum is installed on the wall or floor. The metal is vaporized by either an electric arc or an electron beam, liberating the positively charged metal ions. These ions are attracted to the negatively charged inserts. Nitrogen and methane are added as appropriate, to achieve the different types of coatings.


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Physical vapor deposition (PVD) coatings are normally about 2-4 microns thick with hardness and chemical stable properties. Tungsten carbide inserts with PVD coatings are well-suited to deal with nickel based, cobalt based or titanium based materials, sometimes even the materials like stainless steel and steel. In addition, in the application of high temperature cutting, the tungsten carbide inserts with PVD coatings also show advanced capability.



In nowadays coating technologies, the most acceptable PVD coatings for the tungsten carbide inserts include titanium carbo-nitride, titanium nitride and titanium aluminum nitride.


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Tungsten carbide AlCrN coated cutting tool is a tungsten carbide cutting tool coated with a thin nano composite film made out of aluminum-chromium-nittride deposited by the PVD process.

Besides the improvement of tungsten carbide cutting tool’s wear behaviour, the AlCrN coating also presents low friction coefficients and wear rates,compared to normal heat treatment coatings. The tungsten carbide AlCrN coated cutting tool is revealed to have a wide potential tribological appliation under the sliding wear condition.



In terms of dealing with the titanium alloy in the machining or aerospace and biomedical components, with adequate process parameters, lubrication and other condition, the tungsten carbide AlCrN coated cutting tool is indicated to display acceptable levels of productivity and better wear resistance as well as better cutting performance due to the coating is mixed with high amounts of aluminum. Generally, the advantages include excellent properties at high temperatures, excellent antioxidation characteristics, as well as anti-spalling and debris removal properties for the contact interface.


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Titanium alloys are widely used in medical and aerospace components manufacturing, which are difficult-to-cut, and the requirements of parallel coated tungsten carbide cutting tools include high performance, enhanced tribological and resistance properties.



Tungsten carbide AlCrN coated cutting tool is a tungsten carbide cutting tool coated with AlCrN coating, which is a thin nano composite film made out of aluminum-chromium-nittride deposited by the PVD process. Since the heat treatment of AlCrN coating allows recrystallization and crystal growth the coated tungsten carbide tool’s wear behavior is enhanced.


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The composition of the hydrosol has not been determined, but it is thought to consist of tungstic acid in combination with water, or possibly with sodium tungstate, since Sabaneeff obtained an amorphous powder, of composition Na₂O.4WO₃, from the dialysed solution.

When the solution is evaporated to dryness, transparent vitreous scales remain, strongly adherent to the crucible; on heating this residue to redness, the trioxide WO₃ results. The aqueous solution has a bitter astringent taste; its density at 19° C. is as follows:

The gelatinisation of silicic acid is retarded by the presence of colloidal tungstic acid.

 

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