Migration Regulation of Heavy Metals Tailings of Pangushan Tungsten Ore

Migration regulation of heavy metals tailings of Pangushan tungsten ore
 
The tailings out of the mining and ore-dressing process in Pangushan Tungsten Ore release heavy metals with changing environment.The heavy metals released poses serious threat to the survival of the surrounding environment and species.This article studies heavy metals'migration regulation under different environmental conditions by selecting three representative tailings.The migration ability hierarchy for the tailings of 1950s-1960s is: As Mo Zn Pb Cr,in which As is highest,while the other four exhibit little difference.The migration ability hierarchy of heavy metals under 30-year artificial vegetation restoration is ZnAsMoPbCr,in which As and Zn have the maximum migration rate.The migration ability for new tailings is MoZnAsCrPb.




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Yttrium tungsten electrode specification and packaging

Specification of yttrium tungsten electrode

Yttrium tungsten electrode supply Status of surface: grinding, polishing and black bars.

Diameter: 1.0-10.0mm; 1.0-6.0mm; 0.5-12.0mm

Diameter tolerance

When the diameter is less than 2.5mm, it is ± 0.05mm;

When the diameter is greater than or equal to 2.5mm, it is ± 0.10mm

Length: 50-1000mm; 50-200mm; 50-1000mm

Length tolerance: ± 1.0mm

Packaging of yttrium tungsten electrode

10 /per plastic box; length of 150mm or 175mm; 1000/per carton.

Yttrium tungsten electrode

 

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Yttrium tungsten electrode

Yttrium tungsten electrode can withstand high compressive strength, when welding, the arc beam is thin and long, and the degree of compression can withstand relatively large, at medium and high current welding conditions, its penetration is deep, it is mainly used in the military industry and aerospace industry and other fields.

Yttrium tungsten electrode (added yttrium oxide to tungsten - YO2) standard grade

Grade

Color sign

Other impurities %

Tungsten %

Dopant

Doping content%

Electronic work function / eV

WY

Blue

<0.20

The rest

YO2

1.80~2.20

2.0~3.9

Yttrium tungsten electrode (blue mark)

 

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Welding Performance Comparison between Thorium Tungsten Electrode and Cerium Tungsten Electrode on Precious Metal Foil

Precious metals foil welding
Electrode material: thorium tungsten electrode (2% Tn) and cerium tungsten electrode (4% Ce), diameter: 1.0mm;
Welding work to be: precious metal tube with a diameter of 5-10mm, wall thickness of 0.25-0.3mm, tube length is 50-80mm;
Welding process: put liquid chemicals into the precious metal tube, and then crush the nozzle, then carry out seal welding. Required weld length 10-15mm, thickness of about 0.5mm;

Welding requirements: In order to ensure that the liquid does not evaporate, requiring the welding speed should be faster, the weld should be smooth and there is no gap, after welding, baking 1-2h at the temperature of 100 ℃, weight error margins measured before and after baking should be qualified.

Welding result:
Cerium tungsten electrode (4% Ce) of platinum welding is much better. Thanks to the promotion of cerium tungsten electrode, making such thin devices welding technology greatly improved.

Tungsten electrode (different types)

 

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Zirconium Tungsten Electrode

Zirconium tungsten electrode is only for AC welding environment, whose performance is the same as pure tungsten electrode.

In AC conditions, zirconium tungsten electrode has good weld ability; especially in the current relatively high load conditions, zirconium tungsten electrode owns superior performance and the other electrode is irreplaceable. When zirconium tungsten electrode is used in welding, thanks to its good corrosion resistance, its end portion can maintain the spherical, so as to be able to reduce the occurrence of bleeding effect of tungsten.

Because with the ongoing research, people gradually discovered other kind of electrode material containing other ingredients, so the emergence of other alternative products led to the demand of zirconium tungsten electrode decrease.

Zirconium tungsten electrode (added zirconia in tungsten- ZrO2) standard grade

Grade

Color sign

Other impurities %

Tungsten%

Dopant

Doping content%

Electronic work function / eV

WZ3

Brown

<0.20

The rest

ZrO2

0.20~0.40

2.5~3.0

WZ8

White

0.70~0.90


zirconium tungsten electrode (white label)

 

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Development and Integration Strategy of Tungsten Ore Resources in Jiangxi Province

Development and Integration Strategy of Tungsten Ore Resources in Jiangxi Province

In the light of situation of many, small, scattered and chaotic tungsten mines in Jiangxi Province, the tungsten industry chain of Jiangxi Province was analyzed from market demand for tungsten and tungsten resources situation. It needed to further implement development and integration of tungsten resources for stable and sustainable development of the tungsten industry chain. The development and in-tegration strategies of the tungsten resources, main modes and concrete measures were set forward so as to ensure the sustainable development of Jiangxi Provinces 'tungsten industry. 



 

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Tungsten Carbide Hydraulic Sand-blasting Nozzle Abrasion II

There are three types of erosion that micro-cutting, fatigue-wearing and brittle rupture. The micro-cutting abrasion can be divided into two directions of sand movements, one is normal direction and the other is tangential direction If the hardness of the nozzle material is weaker than the hardness of the sand, the particles will hit the inside wall and cut a certain depth by a small angle in the normal direction, and cut at a distance in the tangential direction so that the nozzle inner wall will eventually abrased. Therefore, the inner diameter of the nozzle is expanding.

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Development of Ganzhou Tungsten Ore Industry

I. Development Goals

Keeping the scientific concept of development, the government of Ganzhou will develop tungsten industry by optimizing structures and innovation. Then in the coming 5 years, we strive for the objectives of the output value reaching 20 billion RMB per year and rapid, healthy and sustainable development.

II. Development Direction

Based on present technologies, we are striving for the output of tungsten products taking 1/3 portion or more of the total output in China. And we also will develop heavy alloy, W-Cu alloy, hard facing materials and tungsten special steel and its applications etc.

III. Development strategy

To form the main developing region of Ganzhou tungsten industry by putting Ganzhou City area as the developing center, Chongyi, Dayu, Ganxian as the main region. To expand industrial cluster by relying on the leading enterprises around several industry chains. Thus, Ganzhou will construct the tungsten industrial system featuring efficiency, resource-saving, environment-friendly, rational structure and international market competitiveness.

 

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Tungsten Carbide Hydraulic Sand-blasting Nozzle Abrasion

The principle of hydraulic sand-blasting technology is that put grains into tube for forming the sand flow. And it takes advantage of the impact of sand to enhance the ability of cutting and rock cracking, which is a kind of new technology that as known as low permeability reservoir reform developing recent years. However, the nozzle is the essential part of it, which are easily abrased by hydraulic sand-blasting flow. Therefore, the lifespan of nozzle has been shortened and the efficiency has been reduced.

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Tungsten Carbide Porous Nozzle Factors V

The spraying distance ensures that the smallest rebound degree and the best strength, which plays a significant role in rock cracking. In general, it requires intensive compound and a rebound degree, which is as small as possible. If the spraying distance is inappropriate, the greater pressure can not improve the efficiency of rock cracking even if it exceeds the threshold pressure of rock.

There is a scope of the spraying distance, which is normally 5-6 times longer than the equivalent diameter of nozzle. The main reason is that the flow is independent and inadequately mixed with other flows in a small range of spraying distance. When the spraying distance exceeds a certain range, the flow will be blocked by surrounding media so that the energy is decreasing until it is lower than the threshold pressure for rock cracking, which reduces the efficiency.

 

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