Tungsten is a high melting point of rare metals in the fields of metallurgy and metal materials or refractory metals, tungsten and its alloys are extremely important function in the application of modern industrial, defense and high-tech materials one widely used in the aerospace, nuclear, The ship, the automotive industry, electrical industry, electronic industry, chemical industry and many other fields.

There are two methods: pyrometallurgical and water smelting. Wolframite or scheelite concentrate smelting, smelting process of deposit both wolframite and scheelite, respectively ore body, each calculated reserves. When the ores wolframite, scheelite symbiotic, wolframite and scheelite, to elect order respectively smelting.



 

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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a table about data regarding the properties of a particular substance, which may concern instructions for the safe use and potential hazards associated with a particular material or product. Therefore, MSDS is important and necessary for chemicals users. The sheet aims to offer workers and emergency personnel with procedures for handling or working in a safe way, and includes information such as physical data (melting point, boiling point, flash point, hardness, ultimate tensile strength, density, etc.), toxicity, health effects, first aid, reactivity, storage, disposal, protective equipment, and spill handling procedures. The exact format for MSDS can vary from countries to countries by respective national requirement. For example, below is part of the MSDS of tungsten electrode:

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

1. Material Identification

Product name: Tungsten electrode 
Manufacturer: ChinaTungsten Online Manu. & Sales Corp.

2. Hazards Data

Danger information: N/A 
Particularly dangerous for people and the environment information: N/A 
Classification: According to the latest version of the EU classification

3. First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Remove the patient to a place with fresh air. If his breathe is hard, administer oxygen. If not breathing, begin artificial respiration.

If no detectable pulse, begin Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and call for medical aid.

Skin: Wash infected skin with soap and water. If rash occurs, see a doctor right away.

Eyes: Flush eyes with a large amount of fresh water for more than 15 minutes and then seek medical advice.

Ingestion: Go to a doctor.

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Composite tungsten electrode is an electrode adding two or more rare earth oxides into tungsten, which are complementary to improve their welding performance. Therefore, they become extraordinary in electrode family. There are different standards for composite tungsten electrode. National standard IS06848 and American standard AWSA5.12 are two of them. The surface condition of composite tungsten electrode is glabrous, clean, no default (fissure, palling), no burrs, and no inner defects on the fracture surface and no oil fouling.

Certainly, composite tungsten electrode has other applications.
Nickel-tungsten- composite tungsten electrode in hydrochloric acid solutions
Composite electroplating is developing rapidly which has been widely used in industries. In view of the squandered metal in composite electrodeposits, for example, the squandered nickel in nickel-tungsten-tungsten carbide composite electrodeposits. Nickel-tungsten-tungsten carbide composite electrode can improve effects of the amount of codeposited tungsten carbide particles, temperature and concentration of hydrochloric acid on the anodic behavior of nickel-tungsten-tungsten carbide composite electrode in hydrochloric acid solutions.

 

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In processing industry of rare earth and high-melting-point metal, swaging apparatus and process for multi-component composite tungsten electrode is a technology.Composite tungsten electrode can be prepared from composite tungsten rod, whose manufacturing process is shown as bellow:

Take Φ6.0 of composite tungsten rod as an example. At the temperature of 1450～1500℃, reducing Φ 6.0 of tungsten rod in a Φ 6.0-Φ 5.6 mold, an then Φ 5.6 of composite tungsten rod is formed. Following the same process, under 1400～1450℃:
1. Reduce Φ 5.6 one in a Φ5.2-Φ4.8 mold
2. Reduce Φ4.8 one in a Φ4.4-Φ4.1 mold
3. Reduce Φ4.1 one in a Φ3.9-Φ3.6 mold
4. Reduce it in Φ3.3-Φ3.0 mold; finally a Φ3.0 of composite tungsten electrode is manufactured.

What mentioned above are procedures of making Φ6 composite tungsten electrode material into Φ3 one. This method can be used to make composite tungsten electrode of other standards.

 

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Composite tungsten electrode applied in welding, which is the same with other tungsten electrode. But they are different in welding industry. Since composite tungsten electrode owns slightness arc, big compression degree, the dissolves depth is biggest during welding at middle and big electric current, they are mainly used to war and aerospace industry.

Composite tungsten electrode in electrochemical catalyzed hydrogen evolution
Composite tungsten electrode can improve the electmehemical catalyzed hydrogen evolution of cobalt electrode. Cobalt – composite tungsten electrode was developed, and its property of electrochemical catalyzed hydrogen evolution can be showed by means of cathodic polarization curves, a. c. impedance technique and SEM. Compared with cobalt electrode, Cobalt tungsten electrode has rough surface, high exchange current density and smaller resistance of hydrogen evolution reaction. But composite tungsten electrode is clean and grounded that superior to cobalt electrode in electrochemical catalyzed hydrogen evolution. Thus, composite tungsten electrode are better choice in electrochemical catalyzed hydrogen evolution.

 

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Under the lower confining pressure, the velocity of broken volume decrease is faster. However, when confining pressure reaches a certain degree, the decrease scope reduces. With the number of pore increasing, aperture, depth and broken volume will decrease by the rising confining pressure. Different numbers of pores have different sensitivity to confining pressure. On one hand, too many pores will make each flow has little energy, smaller impact area and shorter spraying distance.

On the other hand, the ductility of rocks will promote with the increasing confining pressure, which turns brittle fracture into plastic collapse and all of them will increase the threshold pressure of jet-flow for cracking rock. Therefore, reducing pores appropriately under high confining pressure is beneficial for improving the efficiency of rock cracking.















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Confining pressure refers to the isobaric stress state, which the three main stresses is equal at any point. It is also known as hydrostatic pressure or hydrostatic pressure and also called static rock pressure or geostationary pressure in the earth. The drilling confining pressure generally refers to the stress, which works uniformly on the horizontal of the rocks. In rock mechanics test, the major part is to test surrounding fluid pressure. In oil well drilling engineering, the horizontal stress after decomposability is called confining pressure. Some related experimental statistics shows that with the increasing confining pressure, the broken volume of rocks is decreasing, and the cracking ability of single-hole nozzle is better than porous nozzle.

















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Halvers tungsten dart rule is a fun game for 2 players or teams.

The Object: To get a higher score than the other team.

The Scoring: One player from each team throws at bulls-eye, closest to the bulls-eye plays first.

The Play: Each team throws three darts to try and attain the highest score based on the target listed in the scoreboard each round. The rounds are played in order listed on the scoreboard and only the targets described for that particular round count. The thin outer "doubles" ring counts as two times the number hit and the thin inner "triples" ring counts as three.

The rounds 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 25 and 50 mean to aim for the number specified. For example during the 20's round only darts in the 20 count, etc. 25 means single bulls ONLY, doubles do not count. 50 means double bulls ONLY, singles do not count.

The remaining rounds are as follows:
T = Triples round, any triples count.
D = Doubles round, any doubles count.
3C = 3 Colors round. Each dart must land in a different COLOR on the board.
H = Hurdles round. The first dart is thrown anywhere on the board and the next darts must "hurdle" a number clockwise. For example, the first dart is thrown into the 20, the next dart has to hit the 18 to count and the next dart has to hit the 13 to count. These darts must be in order.

If all three darts miss the target number, your previous score is cut in half, hence the name of the game. For example, in the first round you throw two single-20's for a score of 40. In the next round, you miss the 19's, your total score would now be 20.

Strategy: Be careful when you get to the 25 & 50 sections of the game, those bulls can be elusive and missing them can quickly kill a big lead!
 

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High Score tungsten dart rule is a very simple game for any number of players. It is very popular among soft-tipped dart players. It is also one of the few games in this list that may be played on an electronic board.

The Object: To be the first to reach a predetermined score, usually 1000.

The Scoring: Players' names are written across the top of the board in order and the board is divided into columns for each player's score. Order is usually determined by each player throwing one tungsten dart at bulls-eye; closest to the bulls-eye throws first, furthest throws last.

The Play: Each player takes turns trying to score the highest points with three tungsten darts. The thin outer "doubles" ring counts as two times the number hit and the thin inner "triples" ring counts as three times the number hit.

Play begins at zero and the total of the player's three tungsten darts is added to the previous total each round. First player to reach the target score wins the game.

NOTE: The score does not have to end on exactly the target score as it does in x01.

Strategy: Shoot lots of triple-20's or triple-19's.

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Tungsten darts is a fun game that can be played alone or in a group. There are hundreds of tungsten dart games that can be played for fun, though some people do it professionally for a profit. No matter how expensive or sturdy your dartboard is, if you have soft-tip darts, occasionally those tips are going to break off into the board. If you don't clear those tips out, they can prevent tungsten darts from sticking properly in the board. It is best to remove the broken tip out of the dartboard as soon as possible. The instructions of how to remove the broken tungsten dart tip out of dartboard:

1. Pull the tip out with a dartboard repair tool, if available. The tip of the tool makes it easy to grip the broken tip and pull it out because it has an edge specifically made for this one task.

2. Grip the broken tip with a pair of needle-nose pliers if you don't have a special dartboard repair tool. If the broken tip is at least 1/8th of an inch long, this should be easy to remove with the pliers.

3. Push the broken tip through the surface of the dartboard if it is less than 1/8th of an inch thick. There is a small gap between the board and the scoring wedges that allows for tiny tips like these to fall through without a problem.

4. Unfold one end of a paper clip and use the tip to gently remove the broken tungsten dart tip from the dartboard. This is the way to go if you don't have a special dartboard repair tool and also don't have a pair of needle-nose pliers handy.

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