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The Introduction of Tungsten Alloy in Industrial Shielding

Details: Category: Tungsten Information; Published on Tuesday, 09 September 2014 09:46; Written by yewq; Hits: 494

Tungsten alloy is an ideal solution for industrial shielding applications because it is a strong durable material, which can withstand harsh environments and has excellent radiation attenuation characteristics.

Within the industrial sector there are a variety of applications for high energy radiation sources including:
1.Industrial radiography / Non-destructive testing (NDT) - to detect faults in pipelines and metal components and structures;
2.Process control and flow monitoring - to measure thickness, density or flow levels during manufacturing processes;
3.Cargo scanners - advanced gamma ray inspection systems are used to inspect objects in shipping containers;
4.Oil and gas exploration - geo-logging techniques use gamma rays to analyse rock strata and reveal potential deposits of oil or gas.

In all these applications tungsten shielding is used to protect personnel from exposure to harmful radiation, whilst tungsten collimators are used to focus the radiation beams onto the target areas to provide accurate information to the user.

The benefits of tungsten for industrial shielding including:1.excellent radiation attenuation;2.reduced physical thickness of shield and collimators without compromising shielding efficiency;3.non-toxic;4.can be machined to tight tolerances;5.tough and durable, suitable for harsh environments;6.no special handling or disposal requirements.

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Tungsten Pyramid Fishing Sinkers

Details: Category: Tungsten Information; Published on Tuesday, 09 September 2014 09:09; Written by Sherry; Hits: 608

Tungsten Pyramid fishing sinkers also has a line eye like bell sinkers, which giving it an inverted pyramid profile when tied. They are excellent tungsten fishing sinkers for holding a rig in place in sandy bottoms, or in rough water, the pyramid is probably the best sinker for ocean conditions. It casts well and is a tenacious anchor, it excels in strong currents with any bottom condition. Their streamline profile causes them to sink quickly, and their flat edges prevent them from being rolled along bottom in fast currents. And also it is a superb sinker for bay and ocean fishing. The one drawback is that its stubborn feature often gets it securely snagged on the rocks or other submerged matter. So it's not a good choice for rockfish or river angling.

Tungsten pyramid fishing sinkers is a staple piece of tackle for striper bass and surf fishing as follows. When pyramid fishing sinkers are used in water bodies with sand-floor or mud-floors, the tungsten fishing sinkers will bury themselves into the bottom if the bottom is soft and if it is on hard bottoms, the flat sides will prevent the pyramid from rolling with the current.

For longest time,tungsten pyramid fishing sinkers are made from lead. Other metals are replacing it although lead is still used nowadays. Lead is banned in some fishing areas and anglers are forced to use other sinkers which made from non-toxic materials. The main reason for the coming out of the alternatives is that the lead is toxic and is not friendly to the environment. Tungsten based materials made pyramid tungsten fishing sinkers achieve great honor between anglers because of tungsten based materials are agree with the environment protection.

Pyramid-fishing-Sinkers

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How to Extract Tungsten Oxide From the Ores

Details: Category: Tungsten Information; Published on Friday, 05 September 2014 17:11; Written by jwy; Hits: 564

The production of the tungsten(VI) oxide from the ores is complicated, and not needed for any UK A level (or equivalent) syllabus. All we are interested in is the final reduction of the oxide to the metal.

Pure tungsten can't be obtained by reducing tungsten(VI) oxide using carbon, because it reacts with carbon to make tungsten carbide. Instead, the reducing agent is hydrogen.

Powdered tungsten(VI) oxide is heated to temperatures in the range 550 - 850°C in a stream of hydrogen.

WO₃+3H₂ → W + 3H₂O

An excess of hydrogen is used, and this carries away the steam produced during the reaction. The hydrogen is dried and recycled.

Great care obviously has to be taken to keep the whole system free of air to avoid explosion risks with the hydrogen at these high temperatures.

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The Introduction of Tungsten Heavy Alloy

Details: Category: Tungsten Information; Published on Friday, 05 September 2014 17:40; Written by jwy; Hits: 532

Tungsten heavy alloys illustrate the advantages of microencapsulated powders. A brief background of this alloy system follows.

Tungsten heavy alloys generally are refractory metal, which have two-phase composites consisting of W-Ni- Fe or W-Ni- Cu or even W-Ni-Cu-Fe, some tungsten alloy is added Co、Mo、Cr, etc. They have very high melting point and have a density twice that of steel and are more than 50% heavier than lead. Tungsten content in conventional heavy alloys varies from 90 to 98 weight percent and is the reason for their high density (between 16.5 and 18.75 g/cc).

Nickel, iron and copper serve as a binder matrix, which holds the brittle tungsten grains together and which makes the alloys ductile and easy to machine. Nickel-iron is the most popular additive, in a ratio of 7Ni:3Fe or 8Ni:2Fe (weight ratio). The conventional processing route for tungsten heavy alloys includes mixing the desired amount of elemental powders, followed by cold pressing and liquid phase sintering to almost full density. The matrix alloy melts and takes some tungsten into solution during liquid phase processing, resulting in a microstructure through which large tungsten grains (20–60µm) are dispersed in the matrix alloy. The as-sintered material often is subjected to thermo mechanical processing by swaging and aging, which results in increased strength and hardness in the heavy alloys.

The majority of current uses for WHAs (tungsten heavy alloys) are best satisfied with the W-Ni-Fe system. Alloys such as 93W-4.9Ni-2.lFe and 95W-4Ni-lFe represent common compositions. The addition of cobalt to a W-Ni-Fe alloy is a common approach for slight enhancement of both strength and ductility. The presence of cobalt within the alloy provides solid-solution strengthening of the binder and slightly enhanced tungsten-matrix interfacial strength. Cobalt additions of 5 to 15% of the nominal binder weight fraction arc most common.

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Surface Finishes of Tungsten

Details: Category: Tungsten Information; Published on Friday, 05 September 2014 16:29; Written by Cher; Hits: 575

A colloidal graphite lubricant, which imparts a black coating to "as drawn" tungsten wire, is used to protect the wire from oxidation and to lubricate the wire as it passes through the die. Many applications require tungsten wire with characteristics other than those obtainable in "as drawn" wire. A variety of processes produce wire with a cleaned surface or with a special finish.

After drawing operations have been completed, the wire may be cleaned by exposure to elevated temperatures in a reducing atmosphere. Treating the surface chemically or electrolytically can also clean tungsten wire. (The diameter of the wire may be further reduced after drawing by electrolytic etching.)

The cleaned wire can be electroplated with such elements as gold, silver, nickel and copper, for use primarily in electronic tubes.

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