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The Introduction of MLC

Details: Category: Tungsten Information; Published on Monday, 15 September 2014 10:02; Written by yewq; Hits: 617

A multileaf collimator (MLC) is a device made up of individual "leaves" of a high atomic numbered material, usually tungsten, that can move independently in and out of the path of a particle beam in order to block it.

MLCs are used on linear accelerators to provide conformal shaping of radiotherapy treatment beams. Specifically, conformal radiotherapy and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) can be delivered using MLC's.

The MLC has improved rapidly since its inception and the first use of leaves to shape structures in 1965 to modern day operation and use. MLC's are now widely used and have become an integral part of any radiotherapy department. MLC's were primarily used for conformal radiotherapy, and have allowed the cost effective implementation of conformal treatment with significant time saving, and also have been adapted for use for IMRT treatments. For conformal radiotherapy the MLC allows conformal shaping of the linear accelerator (LINAC) beam to match the borders of the target tumour. For intensity modulated treatments the leaves of a MLC can be moved across the field to create IMRT distributions (MLC's really provide a fluence modulation rather than intensity modulation).

The MLC is an important tool for radiation therapy dose delivery. It was originally used as a surrogate for alloy block field shaping and is now widely used for IMRT. As with any tool used in radiotherapy the MLC must undergo commissioning and quality assurance. Additional commissioning measurements are completed to model a MLC for treatment planning. Various MLC's are provided by different vendors and they all have unique design features as determined by specifications of design, and these differences are quite significant.

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Tungsten Bullet Fishing Sinkers

Details: Category: Tungsten Information; Published on Monday, 15 September 2014 09:11; Written by Sherry; Hits: 656

Tungsten bullet fishing sinkers also called corn sinkers follow the same premise as egg sinkers in that they are threaded onto the line, with the narrow point facing towards the rod. The bullet-shape of these sinkers makes them ideal for gliding through weeds. These sliding sinkers can be used on a live bait rig to replace a walking sinker when used in weedy areas. A weedless hook will also greatly enhance the effectiveness of this weed-rig.

Tungsten with the high density and environment protection is to be the ideal material for the tungsten bullet fishing sinkers. Lead, as the traditionally used material is gradually replaced by tungsten based because of it is toxic, and harmful to our environment.

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Tungsten Electrodes with Oxide Additions Are Used for TIG Welding

Details: Category: Tungsten Information; Published on Friday, 12 September 2014 16:48; Written by jwy; Hits: 566

Tungsten is featured by high melting point, strong electron emission ability, high modulus of elasticity, low vapour pressure, so tungsten was early used as hot electron emission material.

Properties of tungsten make tungsten be suitable for TIG welding and other electrode materials like TIG welding.

Adding rare earth oxide to tungsten to stimulate the releasing of electrons, which improves welding performance of tungsten electrodes: arcing performance is better, the stability of arc column is higher and burn out rate is smaller. Usually, rare earth additions are: cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide, thorium oxide, etc..

Pure tungsten electrodes and tungsten electrodes with oxide additions are used for TIG welding. The various types of electrodes offer specific advantage on account of their properties. A correct choice of the welding electrode is essential for attaining optimum welding conditions. The choice of the type of electrode depends on the material to be welded, the kind of welding current and the required purity of the welds.

Tungsten electrodes of different composition are characterized according to DIN32528(analogous to AWS A 5.12-69 and ASTM B 295-55T)by DIN classifications, material numbers and colour codes.

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Tungsten Alloys In Nuclear Technology

Details: Category: Tungsten Information; Published on Friday, 12 September 2014 16:58; Written by jwy; Hits: 571

Tungsten alloys are widely applied in nuclear technology.

Tungsten alloys are such kind of alloys which are mostly composed of tungsten and other elements, like niobium, copper, molybdenum and others. The density of tungsten alloys can reach 16 .5-19.0g/cm3. Tungsten alloys can also be called heavy alloys. Tungsten alloys have a series of advantages, like high proportion, high intensity, strong ray absorption ability, big thermal conductivity, small coefficient of thermal expansion, excellent conductive properties, excellent weldability and workability.

Due to these excellent properties of tungsten alloys, tungsten alloys are widely applied in aerospace, aviation, military, oil drilling, electrical instrument, medical industry and other industries.

Tungsten alloys are used in nuclear technology, like tungsten alloys being used as radiation shielding container, geological survey container, tungsten alloy collimator, pipeline inspection ray shielding tungsten collimator, industrial radiography gamma ray shielding tungsten collimator and others.

Tungsten alloys can also be used as ray shielding materials in medical science. In addition, tungsten alloys are able to be applied in machinery, sports, mobile phones and other fields.

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Tungsten Collimators for Gamma Radiography Camera

Details: Category: Tungsten Information; Published on Friday, 12 September 2014 14:06; Written by yewq; Hits: 567

Collimators are essential component of Industrial Radiography set up as they provide radiation safety to the operating personnel and general public at large by directing the emerging radiation beam to the useful area of exposure. A collimator with optimum design features also helps in reducing the scattered radiation which is turn results in radiographs with better sensitivity. Considering the above factors, tungsten collimators with light weight and compact design suitable for directional and panoramic type of exposures have been developed by Radiation Equipment Pragramme .

The collimators are fabricated using the above tungsten alloy as cladding. The tungsten alloy sheild for the directional collimator is designed to provide a 50 degree radiation beam and is encased with stainless steel and totally sealed by argon arc welding.
The panoramic collimator is constructed with two shields designed to provide a 30 degree panoramic radiation beam. The shields are encased with stainless steel and totally sealed by argon arc welding. The collimators can be easily attached to the guide tube exposure head of ROLI-1 radiography camera with a thumb screw.

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