F-doped cesium tungsten bronze for transparent thermal insulation material has better near-infrared shielding properties than cesium tungsten bronze, which means that the doped cesium tungsten bronze is a better thermal insulation material than cesium tungsten bronze for building energy efficiency. And this is because the tungsten bronze doped with fluorine atoms exhibits higher concentration carriers and more excellent conductivity.

Doped tungsten oxide electrochromic film can be prepared by an ion exchange method and a spin coating method. Specifically, PEO, MoWO3 doped tungstic acid sol can be prepared by ion exchange method in sol-gel technique. Then, the film is prepared by spin coating on conductive glass (ITO/glass) and conductive polyester film (ITO/PET) respectively. After heat treatment at different temperatures, organic-inorganic multi-doped nanocomposite electrochromic film can be obtained.

Electrochromic properties of MoO3 doped WO3 electrochromic film can be affected by the stability of tungstic acid sol. That is to say, a stable tungstic acid sol is suitable to be used as a precursor spin coating liquid for electrochromic materials. But is there any theory that can explain the stabilization process of tungstic acid sol system?

Doped tungsten oxide thin film is an electrochromic film that can be prepared by multi-doping modification of the WO3 film. So, what substances can be selected as dopants?