Darts has long been a popular game played at pubs and bars because it doesn't take much equipment or space. Darts are also widely played at home. The board has several variations that affect how the game is scored.
The Dart
The maximum weight of a dart for official tournaments is 1.8 ounces, according to "The Sports Book." The tip of a dart is very sharp and can be made of brass, nickel and silver alloy or tungsten. The shaft of a dart is usually made of aluminum or plastic. A thicker cylindrical casing is placed around the middle of the dart to assist in grip and balance. The stabilizing rear end of the dart has four tail planes situated 90 degrees apart from each other.

Dartboard
The dartboard should be set so that the top edge of the circle where the number 20 is located is about six feet above the floor. The throwing line will depend upon the ability of the player, but will be between 8 to 10 feet for best results.

Play
Darts play begins with each player or team throwing a single dart at the board. The aim should be toward the bullseye in the center of the board. The player whose dart lands closet to the center of the bullseye then throws first.

Turns
Each turn of darts consists of three throws. The darts are then retrieved from the board by the player who tossed them while the next player comes to the line to wait his turn. In team play, players from each side will take alternate turns.

Scoring
A dart that lands in the red bull's-eye section counts for 50 points. If the dart lands in the small green circular section around the bull's-eye, it counts for 25 points. The thin, circular section that makes a circumference in roughly the middle section of the board earns the thrower a treble if the dart lands there. The player will earn three times whatever number is represented the triangular scoring section cross by the treble circle. The thin outer circle earns the throw twice the number represented by the triangular scoring section in which it lands.

Games
Games can begin with a score of 1,001, 501 or 301. The goal of the game is deduct points with each toss until your score reaches zero. Strategy involves going for as high a score as possible at the beginning of the game. This means aiming for triple scores rather than the bull's-eye. As the score gets closer to zero, many players try to work their score down to 32 so they throw a double 16 and win the game.

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Darts is a game based on the ability to throw a game piece (i.e., a dart) at a board, which is segmented to show different point values. The classic version of the game, "01," has some general rules to which all players must adhere. It is this version of darts that is the basis for all variations of dart play, so it's best to understand these rules before attempting a different type of dart game.

Setup
The dart board must be 5 feet 8 inches from the floor to the center of the bullseye. If you're using steel-tipped darts, the throw line needs to be 7 feet 9.25 inches away from the face of the board. For soft-tipped darts, the line needs to be 8 feet from the dart board face.

Choosing Play Order
To determine play order, one person from each team throws one dart at the bullseye. The team whose player gets his dart closest to the bullseye goes first.

It may happen that the first person to throw his dart gets a bullseye. In this case, the second player may try to "win" the bullseye in one of two ways. The first way is to remove the first player's dart and get a bullseye, essentially creating a tie. The first and second players then throw again in reverse order to break the tie. The second way to win the bullseye is simply to hit a bullseye without removing the first player's dart---this is a little more difficult because the flights on the back of the first dart can interfere with the second player's throw.

Scoring
In "01," the objective is to reduce the beginning total down to 0. Play usually starts with 501 points, but you can create a longer game by adding points in intervals of 100. Players calculate points earned for subtraction based on where the tip of the dart enters the board.

Each player throws up to three darts per turn. Players subtract the total number of points they gain with the three throws from their running game total (e.g., 501, 601). Only darts that stay in the board count (re-throws aren't allowed), and if a player steps over the throw line during their turn, none of the throws for that turn count.

When a player takes his turn, the scorekeeper has to record the points and the player needs to remove his darts before the next player can throw.

"Going Out"
Exiting the dart game is "going out." To do this, a player has to exactly reach 0. The dart that a player throws for this also has to be a double (i.e., it has to land in the outside narrow scoring band or the center small bullseye). Players may use any combination of their three darts to achieve this. For example, if a player has 31 points left, she can use one dart to score a single 1 and then throw a dart on the double 15.
8.Cock your arm with your elbow pointed at the dartboard.

Ensure the tip of your dart points up.

Focus on your target and shoot the dart.

Play often; friendly competition is the best way to learn to shoot darts well.

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If you're tired of needing one number to close out a game of darts but you continually misfire, some simple throwing tips will help you create a consistent form and improve your skill.

Grip
Darts is a game of touch, not force. Many beginners grip the dart too tightly. It's best to grasp it loosely with at least three fingers, but not so loose that you drop it. Depending on the size of the barrel, you might need to adjust your grip.
A standard grip involves placing the dart in your open palm. After you balance it, use your thumb to roll the dart to your fingertips. Keep the dart pointing or facing up.

Stance
Put your right foot forward. When you aim, set your eye, the dart and the target in a line. This is an effective way to decrease error caused by sideways motion of your arm.

Throw
Place your weight on your forward foot. Use your back foot for proper balance. Always keep your forward foot grounded.
There are advantages and disadvantages to leaning. The more you lean forward, the closer you are to the board. However, this also makes darts more physically demanding and can create an unbalanced throw. Find your best throwing position by practicing.
Don't lift your balance leg when throwing. Always keep it on the floor.

Keep your body still while you throw. It's all in the wrist.

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Whether you've discovered a dart set buried on a garage sale table last week or you want to join the game at the local hangout, you'll need to learn how to shoot darts.
Mounting the Board

1.Hang the board on a wall that allows you for a throw line 7 feet and 9 1/4 inches back.

2.Mount the dartboard 5 feet 8 inches from the floor with the number 20 at the top.

3.Mark the throw line with tape

The Rules

4.The 301 and 501 dart games are the most popular and regularly played by both individuals and teams.

5.Players (teams) start with either 301 or 501 points. The games vary slightly, but the object of both is to reach exact zero by subtracting each turns score from the previous turns score. Each player shoots three darts a turn. If the current turn’s points exceed your previous score, you have busted. You forfeit your turn and your score remains the same. All the numbers are in play and used to shoot the necessary doubles.

6.It takes a double in to start a game of 301, but not 501. Both games require you to double out. If you have 16 to go, you need to a double 8 to end the game. Hit 16 and repeat your turn. Double any number greater than 8 and you bust.

Playing the Game

7.Know where your feet are on the line.

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The most important thing about hitting a target, whether it be with a rifle or a basketball, is taking good aim. It is no different in the game of darts. Taking aim before you shoot is the key to accuracy. Here are some tips to take good aim and to focus on your target.

1.Before you throw the dart you need to find a good sight line on your throwing hand. Some people line up the two knuckles of their throwing hand with the intended target. Others use the tip of the dart as their sight line. Choose a sight line and use it consistently.

2.Lead your dart throw with the elbow. Find where your shooting elbow is pointing. The darts will follow in the direction your elbow is pointing. The elbow should point slightly up and directly at the dart board.

 3.Use your dominant eye to aim. Everyone one eye that is stronger; it is important to use the stronger eye to take accurate aim. Use this eye to aim at all times.

4.Throw the dart.

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When darts came to America from England all darts had steel points. This let the darts pierce wooden, paper or sisal dart boards. Many dart venues have converted to plastic tip darts and electronic dart boards. However, steel tip dart boards are still favored for play in many areas. If you have soft tip darts, you can convert to screw-in steel tips and be equipped to play on either kind of dart board.

Fixed point screw-in tips
Fixed point screw-in tips are frequently referred to as conversion points. That's because they were created to convert soft tip darts to steel points for use on dart boards other than the electronic boards. Wisely the manufacturers of darts have settled on a basic thread mount for darts so every soft tip dart can be converted to a steel point. Using a special tool, soft points are removed from the dart barrels and replaced with steel points. The screw-in points consist of two parts. These are the threaded mount and the steel point which is inserted in the threaded mount and fixed in place with a permanent bonding agent. Dart retailers sell the conversion points in packets of three points. The mounting tool is sold separately.

Moveable point screw-in tips
Steel point darts often strike the soft wire web on the face of the board and bounce out. If you wish to reduce that possibility you should select screw-in steel points that employ a moveable steel point. The action of the dart striking the board is much like a hammer driving a nail. The extended point is held in place by a spring collar. When the dart strikes the board, the weight of the barrel slams forward and drives the steel point into the dart board. If you dress the moveable point with a conical stone, the slightly rounded point will slide from any web wire struck and enter the dart board. Darts that bounce out of the board do not count in scoring.

Fixed or moveable?
So, which type of screw-in tip should you use? If you play a high percentage of your dart games on electronic dart boards it will be less expensive for you to use fixed point conversion tips for your darts. On the other hand, if a high percentage of your darts play is on non-electronic dart boards you should give strong consideration to the moveable points. Many dart retailers offer a throwing lane for testing and trying various dart setups. They can help you choose the best screw-in steel points for your darts.

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Nickel silver darts are similar to those made from brass, but are of a slightly higher quality. The 23g Budweiser Bow Tie darts feature black nickel silver barrels, come with a customized case and extra flights and shafts. The Ninja Nickel Silver series have a marginally thinner barrel than those made brass. Weights range between 19g and 25g.

Tungsten darts are used by the top players. The cost of these darts largely depends on their tungsten value, which ranges from 80% to 95%. The Piranha darts feature knurled grips for improved handling, enabling a player to feel comfortable when throwing. The darts weight between 20g to 28g. Bottelsen is a leading dart manufacturer and produces championship-caliber darts. According to customer reviews on dartboards.com, the Original Hammer Head, Great White and K.A. sets are the company's top-rated products.

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Every player shoots at a bull's-eye that is 7 feet, 9-1/2 inches away and whose center is 5 feet, 8 inches above the floor. And that's where the uniformity ends. Professional dart players are like the rest of us in that they have different preferences and opinions about precisely what length, weight and shaped dart finds its target most consistently.

General Characteristics
All darts have four basic elements. Each has a point, commonly call the tip, a barrel, which is the part that you grip, a shaft and a flight to stabilize the dart in on its way to the target. Tips can be be movable or fixed. A movable tip will retract a tiny fraction of an inch when it makes contact with the target, reducing the chance of the dart bouncing off the board rather than sticking firm.

Weight, Shape and Length
Joyce Stafos, owner of the St. Louis Dart Shop, in St. Louis, Missouri, says, "You want the dart to enter the board straight." To that end, the weight, shape and length of a dart must fit the player's delivery. Front-loaded darts are heavier toward the tip. Even-loaded darts are uniformly shaped along the length of the barrel. And the length of the barrel depends on where the thrower most comfortably places her hand. To aid grip, barrels can be of several textures. Some, for example, are ringed, meaning that shallow grooves are cut into the circumference. Others barrels are knurled, which is a cross-hatching of the surface that for some players provides a tackier feel. Professionals commonly use darts weighing anywhere from 20 to 24 g. A few use darts as light at 14 g.

Flights
Flights come in a number of shapes and sizes, and the exact type of flight a professional will use depends on the weight of the dart and, more importantly, on the speed of his throw. A player throwing a fast, light dart will likely select a small and slender flight because his dart reaches the board quickly and is less susceptible to air currents. Players who throw slower, arcing darts typically use larger flights that promote stability along the way.

What the Pros Play
Terry Maness, owner of Horizon Darts, in Kansas City, Kansas, says, "The pros will experiment with different shafts and flights. They'll play with whatever dart feels good to them. And if they're sponsored by a manufacturer like us, or like Unicorn or Winmau in Great Britain, then they'll play darts made by them." A set of three darts that a professional might use can cost as little as $25 to $30 and as much as $180 to $190, as of 2011.

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Brass darts are the most common type of steel tip darts. They are the best option for beginners and are reasonably priced. The Voodoo range of darts are fitted with black knurled barrels to provide grip and control, and weigh anywhere from 19g to 27g. The 18g Hornet Brass Bee darts are equipped with a compact barrel that helps to stabilize trajectory, making them easier to throw. The Stingray darts are made with a latex coating that increases grip and enhances the player's control and accuracy. They weigh between 20g and 24g.

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Preventing Damage
The flight protectors are small clips made from metal or plastic. They are placed on the top of each flight (covering all four edges) protecting the top of the flight from any possible damage when hit directly by another dart.

Aerodynamics
Flight protectors also keep the aerodynamics of the dart in good shape by maintaining the shape of the flight to avoid unnecessary movement while the dart is in the air. This means the dart is more likely to hit the target if thrown accurately.

Compatibility
All flight protectors fit any shape of flight in either soft tip or steel tip darts, such as pear, kite and dimple shape. For a small price, this handy piece of equipment helps improve performance and safety.

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