Ministry will introduce policies focus on supporting new materials such as rare earth

According to reports, authorities from approaching the Ministry was informed, carbon fiber, rare earths, refractory metal materials, is expected to become the new material supported by the state, the future of the Ministry will provide key support research supporting policies.

According to the reporter, at present the Ministry is speeding up the pace of major projects, feasibility studies, study the establishment of new materials risk compensation mechanism, improve taxation, finance, insurance and other comprehensive support policy, the formation of policy together to jointly promote the development of new materials industries. According to the plan, the Ministry of Industry and strive through about a decade of efforts to accelerate including new material industry, including key development areas, to promote China as a whole has entered the ranks of the world's manufacturing powerhouse.


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Rare Earth Metals Extraction from the Sea Floor Gets Easier

Economists and geologists have already warned that the world may be running out of crucial and critical earth metals required for manufacture of different substances. The demand for these metals has exceeded supply and this could drive the prices up. This is expected to increase the costs associated with obtaining the existing rare metals. However, a group of geochemists has discovered an easy way to extract the deposits of the metals that are still under the sea.
 
An article was published recently in the journal of applied geochemistry, and according to the scientists, the rare earth metals can be extracted from the solid iron and manganese nodes that are strewn across the vast and deep ocean floor. These nodes, referred to as ferromanganese deposits, establish themselves gradually over time as liquefied iron and manganese in seawater appends to the seafloor sediments.
 
The team of geochemists have developed a solvent known as desferrioxamine-B as the key element of the method that they intent to use for extraction. This diluter or solvent attaches better to some metals than others. Therefore, when smothered to ferromanganese nodes, it can extract the rare earth metals effectively and efficiently and leave the other metals stuck in the nodules.  The experts claim that this method has allowed them to extract about 80% of four rare earth metals by refinement of their ore-leaching method from the ferromanganese nodules.
 
These findings are expected to prompt miners to obtain licenses to begin exploration and extraction at the seabed in search of the materials that are vital for portable electronics as well as hybrid vehicle batteries. The United Nations’ International Seabed Authority has given out 30 exploration permits since 2001 to allow exploration in the mid-Atlantic, the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The same authority hints to the fact that it has noticed a rush by explorers of late to obtain permits and it is ready to issue about seven more permits.
 
The UN has not been left behind as the research team gives hope for the deep-sea mining. In 2013, the UN issued an update showing its plan for instituting a regulatory framework for the mining. According to the update, private companies will be permitted access to oil, gas and mineral extraction licenses beginning 2016. Rare metals are rare to find because of their widespread dispersion within the Earth’s crust and are not easily found in adequate deposits like other minerals. This means that if an easier ad alternative mining can be established, they metals would not be so rare after all. 
 
 
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Japan and India will jointly develop rare earth to get rid of dependence on China

According to the Nihon Keizai Shimbun reported Thursday, Japan and India next week will reach a plan to jointly develop rare earth, which will begin in Japan since 2015 imports of rare earths from India. Currently, Japan is trying to get rid of dependence on Chinese rare earths.

Reported that Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and Indian Prime Minister Modi, next week will reach a common production plan at the Tokyo summit. Reported unspecified sources.

Reported that a wholly owned subsidiary of India's Department of Atomic Energy - India signed a joint production of rare earths will be the first agreement with Toyota Tsusho Corporation in September.

According to the report, the Indian company from uranium and thorium ore production of mixed rare earth materials, the use of Toyota Tsusho production of electric and hybrid vehicles required for rare earth materials neodymium, lanthanum, cerium and praseodymium and other rare earth materials.

The report also said, the annual output of between 2,000-2,300 tonnes, representing approximately 15% of demand in Japan, the first since the beginning of February next year, exports to Japan annually about 2,000 tons.

Toyota Tsusho's spokesman said the company is checking this story.

Chinese rare earth production accounts for 90% of the world. Despite Japan's attempts to diversify sources of supply, but the current production of electronics, magnets and clean technology are still needed vast majority of rare earth from China.

This month China at the World Trade Organization (WTO) case of rare earth export restrictions in losing, was instructed to cancel strict rare earth export quotas. The case was brought by the United States, the European Union and Japan.

India hopes among Japan's Prime Minister Modi's visit to get support for a nuclear agreement and its huge market to attract investment.


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Japan to promote the rare earth supply security schemes to reduce dependence on China Rare Earth

It is reported that Japan is promoting a rare earth supply security plan, hope that within four years, at least 60 percent of domestic demand rely on rare earth supply outside China. Rare is an important raw material production of smart phones, computers and cars, the Japanese want to reduce dependence on rare earth supply China's largest producer.

Japan hopes the first of this month signed an agreement to purchase four light rare earths from India; also as a rare earth mine in Australia and the Australian Lynas plant in Malaysia established to provide the financing.

Japan plans to protect the rare earth supply also created a joint venture in Kazakhstan, recycling batteries and engine rare earth magnet, even in the Pacific seabed exploration of rare earth resources.

And India agreement will be able to meet 15% of demand in Japan. According to the Japanese demand and growth data provided a rare trader estimates, according to the agreement if Lynas can increase production to 2018 Japan is expected to meet the needs of more than 60% of rare earths by China outside.

China's rare earth production currently accounts for about 90 percent of global production. Japanese purchases of rare earth almost all directly or indirectly from China.


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RE market continues to slump, demand oxide deserted

Currently RE market continues to slump shock, dysprosium, europium, terbium oxide, such as the demand is not satisfactory, prices held steady or continue down slightly vulnerable. At present, many of the rare earth market prices in recent years have been the least significant bit of history belongs to the lowest level or year, prices continue to slump little space, but vulnerable to long-term maintenance.

Today dysprosium products market, according to traders Ganzhou dysprosium reflect the actual price is only about 1.4 million yuan / ton, while the price is close to the bottom of the price during the year. According to other suppliers, said dysprosium with tickets currently remain steady at around 1.44 million yuan / ton. Dysprosium iron market current market weakness, slight fluctuations in the price of dysprosium oxide with a higher offer is currently at 1.48 million yuan / ton.

Gadolinium products market, nearly a month gadolinium oxide prices were little changed before the supplier slightly increase the offer of 5,000 -1 10,000 to 120,000 yuan or more, but maintain time soon, the recent mainstream market prices have been maintained at around 115,000. Gadolinium oxide and gadolinium iron mainstream market prices have been a slight concussion in the interval, the market trend is limited. The current price is almost belong to the lowest position after 2011, limited downside.

Europium, terbium oxide market, the current price of europium oxide already at the bottom of the year, breaking last year's low, but the outlook is still some room to fall, but by the sharp fall in prices in recent years, down power has weakened, businesses can accept further downside is compressed. For most business europium, terbium oxide traders, the profit is far less than before. Terbium oxide market is currently small order with ticket prices, some traders will take ticket price adjustment from 2650 yuan / kg to about 2600 yuan / kg, the demand deserted.


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Rare Earth Consumption and Supply

Many manufacturing companies, concerned about the high prices of rare earth metals and oxides, began looking for ways to reduce their consumption of these materials. Although substitutes are available for many rare earth materials, they generally do not perform as well. 
 
The greatest success has been in using smaller amounts of rare earth materials in the devices that require them or moving to technologies that do not require the use of rare earth materials. This effort has resulted in a decline in the amounts of rare earth materials used in some types of magnets and a shift from rare earth lighting products to light-emitting diode technology. 
 
In addition to being the world's largest producer of rare earth materials, China is also the dominant consumer. They use rare earths mainly in manufacturing electronics products for domestic and export markets. Japan and the United States are the second and third largest consumers of rare earth materials. 
 
 
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Uses of Rare Earth Elements

Rare earth metals and alloys that contain them are used in many devices that people use every day such as computer memory, DVDs, rechargeable batteries, cell phones, catalytic converters, magnets, fluorescent lighting and much more. 
 
During the past twenty years, there has been an explosion in demand for many items that require rare earth metals. Twenty years ago there were very few cell phones in use, but the number has risen to over 7 billion in use today. The use of rare earth elements in computers has grown almost as fast as cell phones. 
 
Many rechargeable batteries are made with rare earth compounds. Demand for the batteries is being driven by demand for portable electronic devices such as cell phones, readers, portable computers, and cameras. 
 
Several pounds of rare earth compounds are in batteries that power every electric vehicle and hybrid-electric vehicle. As concerns for energy independence, climate change and other issues drive the sale of electric and hybrid vehicles, the demand for batteries made with rare earth compounds will climb even faster. 
 
Rare earths are used as catalysts, phosphors, and polishing compounds. These are used for air pollution control, illuminated screens on electronic devices, and the polishing of optical-quality glass. All of these products are expected to experience rising demand. 
 
Other substances can be substituted for rare earth elements in their most important uses; however, these substitutes are usually less effective and costly. 
 
From the 1950s until the early 2000s, cerium oxide was a very popular lapidary polish. It was inexpensive and very effective. The recent price increases have almost eliminated the use of cerium oxide in rock tumbling and the lapidary arts. Other types of polish, such as aluminum and titanium oxide, are now used in its place.
 
 
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What Are Rare Earth Elements (REEs)?

Rare earth elements are a group of seventeen chemical elements that occur together in the periodic table (see image at right). The group consists of yttrium and the 15 lanthanide elements (lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium). Scandium is found in most rare earth element deposits and is sometimes classified as a rare earth element. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry includes scandium in their rare earth element definition. 
 
The rare earth elements are all metals, and the group is often referred to as the "rare earth metals." These metals have many similar properties and that often causes them to be found together in geologic deposits. They are also referred to as "rare earth oxides" because many of them are typically sold as oxide compounds.
 
 
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Japan intends to co-production with India in the field of electric vehicles for rare earths

It is reported that Japan will sign an agreement with India, scheduled for 2015 co-production of rare earths in India, in order to reduce dependence on China in this regard.

According to Nikkei Shimbun reported that Indian Rare Earth (Indian Rare Earths) as early as September signed an agreement with Japan's Toyota Tsusho to conduct a joint production of rare earths.

Indian RE company will produce uranium, thorium and other mixed rare earth materials, and supplies to Toyota Tsusho, which will use these materials for electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles, and other fields.

Supply will begin early next year in February, the annual production of rare earth about 2,000 to 2,300 tons, the equivalent of Japan's overall demand for rare earths by 15%.

China's rare earth production accounts for over ninety percent of global output, the past few years, the Chinese government gradually restrict the export of rare earths, Japan has been trying to reduce its reliance on China in this regard.


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India Inches into the Rare Earth Market

To say China is the main player in the rare earth element (REE) space is, of course, an understatement. The country lost an appeal regarding a World Trade Organization (WTO) ruling on its REE export restrictions last month, but it still controls the lion’s share of the market; that means any indication that another entity might take a share of the market, however small, is definitely worth some attention. 
 
According to Reuters, India is commissioning a plant that will produce as much as 5,000 tonnes of REEs annually. S. Surya Kumar, head of state-owned Indian Rare Earths’ Rare Earths Division, has not given a timeline for the plant’s development, but did say that it will be located in Odisha and will produce rare earth oxides by processing monazite from beach sand.
 
Once the plant is up and running, India could stand to contribute approximately 5 percent of global supply.
 
Japan, like the rest of the world, relies heavily on China for REEs. However, the resource is even more important for the island nation as REEs are necessary for the production of the electronics and computerized systems that make up a substantial portion of Japan’s exports.
 
It isn’t surprising then, that a subsidiary of Japan’s Toyota Tsusho (TSE:8015) has a hand in the newly commissioned Indian plant. Indeed, it’s already entered an agreement for half of its anticipated production. The partnership between the two looks to be going well so far, as International Business Times reported that Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi met with Japan’s Shinzo Abe this week to discuss the contract further. Japan has also committed to doubling its overall direct investment in India over the next five years.
 
 
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