Risk Aversion Ups Gold Price, Making "Gold Substitute" More Popular

tungsten goldtungsten gold

Due to the increased risk aversion among people, the gold price, which had fallen three weeks, ups these days. The international gold price rose 2.37% to $1278.26 / oz per week, and is expected to exceed $3000. Whether gold can continue to maintain the current strong or not, the upcoming U.S. 

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US Congress Met Water Pollution, WO3 Photocatalyst Solves Lead Pollution

Congressional office in Washington, the capital of America has recently undergone an incident of lead in drinking water exceeded; on July 5th, Capitol Building Department announced that they will arrange blood lead levels detecting for the congressional members and staff for free. A week ago, congressional office has detected the excessive of the lead level of the drinking water, then the drinking water pool was suspended; It is reported that, at least a pregnant woman of the employee of Congress has drunk the “lead water", we knew that the lead is particularly harmful for the unborn fetus; previously, Flint, Michigan City was exposed the water pollution crisis, and dozens of children were detected lead levels excessive. June of this year, source has reported that the problem of lead contamination of drinking water of United States is very common, cheating has been taken to conceal the problem of excessive amount of lead in water in many places.

Pb and water
 
Lead, a toxic heavy metal, is the known toxic substances which recorded most in the book, some ancient books has recorded that the use of lead pipes conveying water is dangerous. However, there are still a lot of water pipes of some parts in homes and buildings are made of lead. These lead making water pipes are the main supply pipe or part of the pipeline which is connected to the residents of the home, thus part of lead will dissolve in the water to cause lead pollution.
 
In recent years, tungsten trioxide (WO3) as a photocatalyst material has caused great concern; WOwith semiconductor property, its photocatalytic reduction effect is shown to effectively solve the pollution problems of chromium, mercury, lead and other heavy metal ions. Especially, the WOwith nano particle, due to its large specific surface area, it can fully enhance the efficiency of the reaction. However, the pure tungsten trioxide is easy to occur the light corrosion, and with the low utilization of visible defects and difficult to obtain a stable light catalytic properties, therefore, the modification technologies of metal ion doping, such as yttrium (Y), praseodymium (Pr) and so on; non-metal-doped miscellaneous, such as C; semiconductor composite, WO3/ZnO, WO3-TiOect.; polyhydric doping are used to enhance its property. With the continuous researching on photocatalyst, tungsten trioxide photocatalyst will play a huge role in the lead pollution and other water contamination.

 

Tungsten Trioxide Photocatalyst Solves Mercury Pollution

In June, a primary school of Huayuan County of Hunan Province, China, occurred a serious mercury poisoning (Minamata disease) of many students, which resulted in 147 students urine mercury exceeded; its cause is a fifth-grade student took 50 ml of the remaining mercury in the wok of a waste workshop in a mineral water bottle to school, and gave it to the other students for playing. According to the source, this workshop was illegal constructed and operated unauthorized without Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and related procedures. For this accident, I am showing my deep sadness, someone innocent was suffered a serious injury because some unscrupulous manufacturers do not manage their hazardous substances.

Hg and drinking water
 
China as the largest country which uses and emissions most  in global mercury, and has faced with the tremendous pressure to reduce emissions of mercury reductions in the "global mercury instrument" negotiations. This year, on June 18th to 19th, "the second national mercury pollution control and monitoring technology seminar" held in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province of China, the main focus of the meeting lies in deeply discussing the hot spots and focus issues of the policy standards mercury pollution control and monitoring in the field of technical support, solutions, industry trends, monitoring system and management system, and so on; furthermore, it provided decision supporting to in facing with the mercury pollution problems of socio-economic development process.
 
Mercury is a quite rare element in the earth's crust, which is the only kind of liquid metal. Mercury pollution (Hg2+) is one of the major heavy metal pollutions in the water, which has lethal hazards on the human nervous system. Studies have shown that, in the photocatalytic reduction experiment of Hg2+ of tungsten trioxide photocatalyst, Hg2+ was strongly adsorbed on surface of tungsten trioxide, and its adsorption amount increased as the increasing of pH value. In addition, experiments found that the adsorbed Hg2+ by tungsten trioxide still exist in the form of oxidation states which means it won’t occur reduction. Thus, Hg2+ in the wastewater has been taken by the photocatalyst, to eliminate mercury pollution. In addition, the recovery of Hg2+ can be separated with the photocatalyst, and then through the certain supporting of technical to recycle the mercury, and to realize resources recycling.

 

Tungsten Copper Tube Type Divetor Component Developed Successfully

Chinese Academy of Sciences for the ITER plasma has developed through tungsten copper tube type divertor components small modules completed high heat load test on the specified test platform, six test modules submitted all through testing and certification. It indicates that Chinese scientists have already with capacities that developed tungsten copper tube type divertor components for ITER.

Divetor component is the necessary ways for tokamak discharge in the process of controlling impurities and fuel recycling; exhaust heat and particle flow and helium ash from the center of the plasma, which also are the most critical components of ITER device.

The design specifications of tungsten copper tube type structural component are to withstand high thermal loads irradiation of 5000 10MW / m2 and 300 20MW / m2. However, since the thermal expansion coefficient and elastic modulus with greatly difference between tungsten material and tungsten copper alloy heat sink materials, the surface of tungsten copper will in higher thermal stress when it in the process of preparation and application. So tungsten copper tube type components is too difficult to developing.

The test module through the 5000 series of 10MW / m2 and 1000 20MW / m2 heat load cycle electron beam irradiation, exceeding the requirements of ITER. Which approved the plasma tungsten copper divertor’s advanced technology development. ITER Director-General Bernard Bigot be given due recognition and appreciation.

 

Surface Morphology during Tungsten Electrode Operation

After 5 seconds arcing, observed tungsten electrode surface morphology found, the tip of electrode has many projections. And this is mainly because the tip affected by current and high-frequency the surface rudimental oxygen will react with tungsten to generate volatile tungsten oxide under heat effect and since arcing was carried out in an argon atmosphere, so the tungsten oxide which produced at the tip will take away by argon gas, leaving relatively clean tungsten grain. However, with arcing time increase, the tungsten which in the middle part of the tip tungsten will react with residual oxygen to produce tungsten oxide. And this tungsten oxide will bring to the top of tip which has higher temperature by argon flow. During the process, tungsten oxide decomposition occurs to form metal tungsten. Besides, tungsten deposition led to form the projection on the tip. However, this structure is prone to produce high frequency discharge and plasma. Not only tungsten and oxygen can react to produce gaseous tungsten oxide, but low-melting substance such as rare earth nitrate in tungsten electrode during arcing process will have diffusion, migration, volatilization and deposition, which is conducive to high-frequency arc starting and stable arcing.
 
After one minute arcing, observed morphology found due to longer arcing electrode material has undergone obvious recrystallization. The tungsten film which deposited at the before affected by heat will along the grain to growth and only new deposited tungsten film shows amorphous membranous tissue. In the one minute arcing, the tungsten electrode surface covered with typically equiaxed recrystallized structure tungsten film.
 
After 5 minutes arcing, the root of tip, due to the lower temperature so there is showing processing state fibrous tissue. In addition, compared the electrode tip morphology after five minutes arcing and one minute arcing found there is little change in appearance, indicating that arcing after one minute the electrode enters a relatively stable state and can stable work .
tungsten electrode morphology

5 Companies Fined More Than 3.5 Million Yuan, WO3 Desulfurization Catalyst Reduces Acid Rain

Recently, media reports said Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) of Yunnan Province have maken out the illegal administrative penalties of 5 electric powder enterprises for confiscating their illegal incomes, the total illegal incomes of more than 3.50 million. It is reported that the major reason of the five electric powder enterprises to be punished including that generated and outwardly supplied electricity during the outage of desulphurization facilities, related emission concentration index hourly average exceeds the limit but still requires enforcement of environmental price, and so on. In this regard, I express my deep sorrow, as well as have no more agree for the treatment of NDRC, how dare they generated power under the outage of desulphurization facilities? Today, the whole world is doing environmental protection work, and you commit a crime in spite of a law-enforcement campaign, anyone without you not to be punished?

tungsten trioxide and desulfurization catalyst
 
The pollution of sulfur dioxide has exceed the smoke pollution and become the first atmospheric pollutants, with the world’ industrialization continues to deepen. Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) is currently the world's only desulfurization method of large-scale commercial applications, and also the most effective and main technical means to control acid rain and sulfur dioxide pollution. Desulfurization tower is commonly used in desulfurization facilities, and the desulfurization catalyst is a core technology used in desulfurization project, the surface of WOdesulfurization catalyst has tension which can reduce the surface tension of limestone slurry and the critical nucleus radius, thereby strengthening the bisulfite oxidation precipitation of gypsum, to achieve the goal of sulfur dioxide emission reduction.
 
Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is an important intermediate product from tungsten concentrates to pure tungsten; the large amounts of WOare used in the production of pure tungsten, tungsten carbide, etc; In addition, as WO3has catalytic property, it can either as the main catalyst (photocatalyst), and also can be used for preparing denitrification, desulfurization catalyst. In the desulfurization catalyst, WOas a main active material which uniformly loading on the carrier, serve to reduce the desulfurization reaction activation energy, and also play the roles of anti vulcanization, anti-sintering of carrier, thereby enhance the desulfurization efficiency and achieve the goal of emission reduction.

 

Tungsten Market: ‘Winter is Coming’

With the finish of hot American TV Series <Game of Thrones> Season 6, ‘the winter is really coming’ after all these 6 seasons. All of us have an expectation for who will finally reign the seven kingdoms and let’s wait and see what will happen in Season 7 in 2017.

Coincidentally, tungsten market has entered the traditional slack season in July and August with the break of European & American countries. That’s why we say that ‘winter is coming’.

National tungsten market has been settled in an awkard situation for a long time. Not only for the decreased demand, but also the uncertainty sentiment of market participants. The summer break of European and American countries will absolutely have negative influence on the tungsten market. However, price of tungsten shall never fall to such a low level. After all, the value of tungsten is far from this. In October, 2015, national tungsten products price slacked to the bottom since 2004. All the special factors brew and cause the result. People would reckon that will tungsten price falls again to the bottom of last year?

Tungsten Concentrate Price Trend

Since May, 2016, price of APT falls down for 30 thousand RMB/ton since it increases about 130 thousand RMB/ton, which has been just a month. It that were not enough, tungsten slack season is coming which results in delay of recovery. Price of APT has been below 100 thousand RMB/ton, will it be below 90 thousand/ton? Since the winter is already coming, we should focus on how to stay warm and struggle through this period instead of talking about the temperature.

APT Price Trend

Tungsten powder purchase amount has shown the backdrop, as well as tungsten carbide products. Although the market is depressed, the falling and increasing of price has its own sequence. All of us should have a rational reflection on this serious situation. The falling of price is not necessarily a good thing, it would be best chance for regular customers to purchase some stock. There may be downtick anytime due to special reasons of funds, stock, product and customer. Manufacturer should have the theory of always keep the quality of products. Customer service and comprehensive strength are the key points in such depressed market.

Let’s keep enthusiastic attitude to stay optimistic for the ‘winter’ of tungsten market in such hot hot summer.

Natural Gas May Be Chinese First Choice of Energy Transformation, WO3 Denitration Catalyst Controls NOx

On the activity of "G20 Gas Day" which held on June 29th, the experts pointed out that, compared to other fossil fuels, natural gas has the advantages of low pollution, low emission; while the utilization of natural gas is relatively flexible, and can compensate for the disadvantages of the unstable state of renewable energy, therefore, in the process of Chinese restructuring and optimization of energy, natural gas will be the first choice of transitional energy.
 
However, while natural gas is considered as a clean fuel, it does not mean that it will not pollute the environment, at the same time, it also increases the total emissions of nitrogen oxides; especially within the family use, the flue gas directly emissions have brought some pressure to the environment protection. Combustion products of natural gas are NOx (the complete combustion product is: nitrogen dioxide; incomplete combustion product is: NO), water, carbon dioxide (incomplete combustion product is: carbon monoxide) and so on, or may contain sulfur dioxide and other toxic substances, which mainly depends on the composition of natural gas. Therefore, the denitration project of combustion exhaust gas of natural gas is very necessary.

denitration catalyst and natural gas pipeline
 
TiO2-WO3-V2O5 ceramic honeycomb denitration catalyst is a typical SCR catalyst, is the core of the SCR denitration system in industrial, its efficient and reliable operation determines the denitration efficiency. In the component of WO3denitration catalyst, the titanium dioxide plays the carrier role for loading active substance, which accounting for about 85% of the total catalyst mass; vanadium pentoxide is the main active substance, accounting for about 7%; WO3as catalyst promoter, takes an amount of about 10%, which primarily plays the role of anti-sulfide, poisoning resistance, and while increasing the temperature adaptability and thermal stability, thus to avoid the occurrence of the carrier being sintered and deactivation under a high temperatures in a short time.
 
Further Reading:
Natural gas means any gas naturally existing in nature, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere gas and lithosphere which is formed by natural processes (including oil, gas field, mud volcanoes, coal bed methane and biogenesis and other gases). The natural gas which people usually says is the narrow definition from the energy point of view, it refers to the mixture gas which natural reserves in the formation of a of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon, and mostly hidden in underground porous rock formations, and considered as the high-quality fuels and chemical raw materials.

 

Tungsten Trioxide Applicable In New Water Electrolyzing Catalyst

Recently, the Chinese Academy of Physical and Chemical Research Institute has successfully synthesized a highly efficient water electrolyzing catalyst to achieve high efficiency at a low voltage of activating water molecules, and offered the potential for solving the future energy crisis. Hydrogen is considered as the best source of energy, unlike the other new energy sources, like solar, nuclear, ocean, biomass and geothermal energy and so on, it belongs to the energy of energetic body which is available direct combustion. Among the hydrogen production technologies, the way of solar water photolysis or photo-assisted electrolysis of water is one of the most promising and efficient pathway, which is depending on the semiconductor electrode, and moreover, the water electrolyzing catalyst can greatly improve the efficiency of water electrolysis hydrogen.

tungsten trioxide and water
 
Zhang Rui, one of the researchers led his team carried out a in-depth study on the nanostructure of "Hydrotalcite (LDH)" clay mineral, through precise regulation of the hydrotalcite precursor morphology, and synthesized the ultra-thin and ultra-small heterogeneous nanostructures of NiO / TiO2by calcination under a high temperature. Studies have shown that this structure exhibited a superior catalytic performance in terms of electro-catalytic decomposition for generating hydrogen and oxygen. At the same time, studies have shown that the catalyst synthesis method is simple, and used the abundant nature of non-precious metal as the raw material, the obtained product of ultra-thin and ultra-small material of NiO / TiO2has the application value in the respects of electro-catalytic decomposition of water, capacitors ect.; also, it is applicable to other metal oxides (such as tungsten trioxide) to prepare the nanosheets electro-catalyst.
 
Tungsten (W) , an element of the transition metal in ⅥB family; tungsten trioxide is an important oxide in the tungsten metallurgical industry, which has semiconductor property; because of its catalytic property, it is commonly used in the preparation of the denitration, hydrodesulfurization, photocatalyst and other catalysts. Study on catalyst of titanium dioxide has been more than 40 years, while the international research on tungsten trioxide applied on the photocatalyst, water electrolysis catalyst is just in the early phase, we believe that in the near future, researchers will slowly open the mystery of tungsten trioxide in this regard applications.

 

Tungsten Market (Tungsten Heater) is in An Embarrassing Situation

tungsten heaterThe current domestic tungsten market is in a very embarrassing situation. It not only because “less demand”, but also due to the “unsafe” hearts of market participants. 

Summer adjournment of Europe and other countries in July and August would cause some negative impact on the market. However, the main reason of the low price of tungsten products (tungsten heater) is not for it. Domestic tungsten prices would not fall so low, after all, value of tungsten products is so much more. The end of October 2015, the domestic tungsten products has been reduced to the limit since 2004. For example, APT, since the highest price point in May, decreasing amplitude of APT price is nearly 30,000 RMB / ton, which within just over a month. Off-season of tungsten market is coming, so opportunity for turning around of the market will be delayed. At present APT prices have fallen below 100,000 RMB / ton. 

If there is no intervention and bailout of policy, the market in July and August will continue to be in a bleak. 

Enterprises must be prepared for the winter. The safest methods are to lock orders and to lock the materials, if there is no order, it is better to for the time for the market. What’s more, tungsten enterprises can give proper care for old customers of the price, of course, there is no need to make allowance without any principle, or it would make both enterprises and the entire industry be in the illusion for quoting the fake price. People should hold the rational view for the low price rumors of the market. When prices do fall too fast, people should make a choice: to abandon or to do a longer stockpile preparation. Operation of manufacturers also need to integrate into the concept of “fast, and spirit, accurate,” trade-oriented enterprises, product quality is the most important in any time.

 

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