WO3 Catalytic Fuel Cell Vehicle Eases Global Warming

Hydrogen fuel cells for its comprehensive advantages of zero-emission, high energy density and conversion rate, long battery life and short time refueling hydrogen ect., is considered to be one of the "best path" for the development of new energy vehicles. With restrictions FCV (Fuel Cell Vehicle) development bottlenecks continue to be resolved, the international leader in the fuel cell technology company's products have been sent to the commercial promotion levels; in the case of cost, over the past 10 years, the production costs of fuel cell system has plummeted with also a certain decline space left; about the support facilities, governments have stepped up efforts to support hydrogen refueling station to relieve the problem in the operation of fuel cell.

fuel cell vehicle
 
The operating principle of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is that the hydrogen is sent to the fuel cell anode plate (anode), an electron in the hydrogen atom is separated out through the effect of catalyst; then hydrogen ions (protons) which lose electrons will pass through the proton exchange membrane to arrive at the fuel cell cathode plate (positive electrode), while the electron can not pass through the proton exchange membrane, only through an external circuit to reach the cathode plate of the fuel cell, thereby generating a current in the external circuit. After the electrons reach the cathode plate, they will recombine with the hydrogen ions and oxygen atoms to water. Since oxygen supplied to the cathode plate can be obtained from the air, as long as continue to supply hydrogen to the anode plate and the air to the cathode plate with timely water (steam) away, electricity will be continue to be provided. Theoretically, hydrogen fuel cells emit only water, not carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and other products of and the fossil fuels, thus to ease the global warming and improve air quality.
 
The study found that WO3 has a strong corrosion resistance, does not react with almost any acid without the hydrofluoric acid, which is particularly suitable for the high humidity, acidic environment of fuel cell. In addition, the conventional Pt catalyst belongs to precious metal, the addition of WO3 can not only reduce the cost of the catalyst; at the same time, since the WO3 and the metal will produce synergistic catalytic effect which improves the efficiency of the catalyst; in addition, WO3 has the corrosion resistant, as a partial substitute carrier C to longer the life of the catalyst, and also indirectly improve the catalytic efficiency.

 

Defect-Rich Tungsten Trioxide Nanosheet Photocatalyst

Recently, Professor Xiong Yujie of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), and his group cooperated with a number of the USTC professors to design a class of defect-rich tungsten oxide nanosheet, this kind of new photocatalytic material exhibits excellent aerobic coupled catalytic performance under broad spectrum light conditions, and is expected to achieve low power consumption and low cost of chemical production. It is reported that the defect-rich tungsten trioxide nanosheets have precisely controllable oxygen vacancies, and promote the efficient transfer of photogenerated electrons from the oxide catalyst to oxygen molecules; at the same time, the emergence of defect states significantly broaden the photocatalyst absorbance range to capture solar energy in the wide spectral range of visible and near infrared region. The achievement of Professor Xiong Yujie group achieved effectively capture and conversion of solar energy to pass to solve the bottleneck problem in the oxide catalyst photocatalytic organic synthesis, and make the possibility for the use of solar energy replacing thermal in organic synthesis.
defect-rich tungsten trioxide
Metal oxide (tungsten trioxide ect.) has the advantages of low cost, and exhibits a photocatalytic activity, which is a class of ideal catalytic materials. The key step of semiconductor photocatalysis is in the photocatalyst excitation, the migration of photo-generated electrons and holes, the recombination of electrons and holes in the catalyst or on the surface. Low quantum efficiency of photocatalytic reaction is the most critical factor which makes the photocatalyst difficult to practical use. The core of Professor Xiong yuJie group developed defect-rich tungsten trioxide photocatalyst nanosheet lies in how to reduce cost of catalyst material and improve the efficiency of energy conversion.
 
At present, doping or semiconductor composite is usually used to reduce costs and to improve catalytic efficiency of tungsten trioxide photocatalyst, such as tungsten trioxide as a carrier after loading the precious metals (e.g. Pt, Au, etc.), it will show strong oxidizing in the presence of water and oxygen thus to help organic synthesis with high reactivity; titanium dioxide and tungsten trioxide complex semiconductor to improve the photocatalytic activity.

 

"Made In China 2025" Promotes the Development of Tungsten Heater

As the first decade guideline of "three-step" strategy for construction of manufacturing power of China, "Made In China 2025" depicts a path for Chinese manufacturing from large to strong, which has been gained high-level attention by Communist Party of China (CPC). In early July 2015, the State Council set up national manufacturing power construction leading group, and the vice-premier Ma Kai is the group leader, and there are more than 20 government departments involved in this group. This group has held the third meeting and established a consultative committee for construction strategy of national manufacturing power, and builds up intersectoral links joint-action mechanism and actively mobilizes multi-power and enthusiasm.

Over the past year, for the implementation of the "Made in China 2025", the government mainly carried out three aspects. Firstly, the government prepared and issued the "1 + X" plan. Secondly, the government formulated a number of supporting policies. CBRC revised the "Commercial Bank M & A Loan Risk Management Guidelines" to encourage the support of commercial banks to manufacturing concern. It would work with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China to further improve the financing guarantee system. The introduction of these supporting policies, mainly in order to provide the reasonable support for necessary innovation and development for manufacturing.

The third is to strengthen the guidance of local, promote development of regional differences. Some effects and implementation of policies and the major projects has been initially apparent. For example, “Enterprise R & D Expenses Plus Deduction Policy” further stimulates industrial enterprises, especially SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) innovation and dynamic development. Future development of "Made in China 2025" will be more perfect, be more conducive to long-term development of business volume, so that it will greatly facilitate the tungsten heater and other tungsten enterprises development.

tungsten heater

WO3 May Be Catalyst of Black Tech Fuel Cell

SOFC systemRecently, Nissan release the automobile solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC): vehicles which equipped with solid oxide fuel cells will use bio-ethanol rather than the liquid hydrogen. Produce ethanol reformer hydrogen combines with oxygen in the air in a fuel cell to produce electricity, then discharging water. According to the source, this system is more efficient than the existing hydrogen fuel cell system, which the recharge mileage can reach about 600 km. what kind of black tech is SOFC?SOFC is the third generation of the fuel cell, a solid-state chemical mean which direct converted efficiently and environmentally friendly the chemical energy which is stored in the fuel and oxidizer to electric energy at high temperature, a fuel cell which is considered to be widely applied as the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) in the future.
 
SOFC does not require expensive platinum as a catalyst with both the anode and cathode materials are oxides. WO3 is a semiconductor-type transition metal oxide, to maintain stability in an acidic environment, also form catalytic effect together with the noble metal, as carrier it can partial substitute carbon to prepared composite catalyst which has been extensively studied. We guess that perhaps WO3 catalysts can be used in SOFC. The work environment of fuel cells has the properties of high voltage, humidity and low pH values, thus requiring an electrode material has good corrosion resistance. Pt / WO3 / C being the most studied of the fuel cell catalyst, the experimental results showed that the addition of WO3 in the catalyst will bring the significant improvement of oxidation catalytic activity and electrochemical oxidation stability; the same time, most of the fuel cells take methanol, ethanol as the energy source and thus there is inevitable to generate amount of CO in the reaction process, while the addition of WO3 in the catalyst of the CO stripping experiment found that Pt / WO3 / C exhibited good CO oxidation, that is, it has good resistance CO poisoning ability.

 

Tungsten Concentrate Price Unexpected Goes Up

Tungsten ConcentrateTungsten Concentrate

Since the price of tungsten concentrate and ammonium paratungstate hit the bottom of 60,000RMB/ton, it stoped falling and went up slightly last week. The change in market is faster than expected, for most enterprises thought the market will turn better at the end of August.

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Tungsten Carbide Business Hit By Oil&Gas Malaise

The full-year profits took a hit from the on-going malaise in the Oil&Gas sector, although management sounded an optimistic note on the potential of its products, including graphene.
The advanced engineering materials group recorded losses before tax of £1.8m, up from £0.9m in 2015.
Revenues declined 10% from £4.98m to £4.4m, with improved sales at its thermal products arm failing to offset a drop in Hard Wear products unit.
Its tungsten carbide business took a hit from the downturn in the oil and gas sector, reporting sales for the year to end March of £3.1mln compared to £4.6mln in 2015, but it said all three of its divisions, hardware, thermal and graphene, had made progress.

Sales at the former, which manufactures microporous copper foam, improved from £0.4m to £1.3m, benefitting from the purchase of its heat sink business in February 2015.
In parallel, Hard Wear product sales were hit by the adverse environment in the oil and gas market, although new opportunities were emerging in defence and aerospace, the company said in a statement.
The unit makes sintered tungsten carbide business for "arduous environment" applications, primarily in Oil&Gas.
Since the end of the reporting period, the company had closed four partnerships to introduce its grapheme products into four key markets: batteries, carbon fibre products and enhanced composites for 3D printing and the aerospace industry.
It had also negotiated its first OEM contract for the use of low profile copper foam heat sinks in consumer devices.

Cash at period end was down from £3.5m one year ago to £1.6m, with £1.26m having been funneled into operating activities and another £276,000 towards the purchase of intangible assets.
Regarding the company's outlook, the board said it remained confident it was on track to benefit from progress made, saying that graphene was moving quickly towards commercial applications, while thermal products had moved into commercial production.
As of 15:56 BST shares in AIM-listed Versarien were 6.38% down to 11.0p.tungsten carbide button

 

WO3 Denitration Catalyst Devotes to Green Energy

With the whole society to improve air quality concerns, China in recent years regarded environmental protection as an important work and expanded, the emerging energy, chemical and other industries are required to must equipped with exhaust gas purification, waste water treatment equipment; also, the old coal enterprise are asked to carry out reforming and installing some equipments to the boiler, thus the ultra-low emissions has become the mainstream environmental topics. 

three forms of SCR denitration catalyst
 
Media recently reported that Power Plant of Tongliao, Inner Mongolia of China, has started a wide load denitrification renovation project on its No.5 Unit from late May this year and it has been completed with the ongoing production and other external insulation finishing work. According to the source, this transformation is due to the No.5 unit has the situations of lacking of steam and temperature under the high-load condition, denitration can not to be put into operation under the low-load. The reconstruction project team increased the flue gas temperature by the mean of increasing flue gas bypass under the premise of ensuring the thermal efficiency not to be reduced compared with that of before the transformation, mode of boiler operation and adjustment method meet the boiler stability and security operational requirements and also no to increase the total flue resistance. And thus achieve the goal of full unit load denitrification, and make contributions to the undertaken of green and clean energy.
 
Denitration catalyst is installed in the SCR denitration catalyst system, which can be divided into three forms of plate, honeycomb and corrugated plate from the appearance. The most commonly used SCR denitration catalyst, no matter what form the ingredients are, they are almost similar in the ingredient, which is taking vanadium pentoxide as main active substance, WO3 as a co-catalyst, titanium dioxide as a carrier. Vanadium pentoxide is very active and will oxidize sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide during the production of sulfuric acid. WO3 as the co-catalyst, its presence can reduce the catalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide at maximum under the basis of catalytic reduction of NOx is to be guaranteed, and thus to improve the denitration catalyst thermal stability and resistant to the As and other toxic substances in the flue gas. In addition, on the presence of WO3, it can be avoid that catalyst carrier occurs changes in the crystalline structure which cause the carrier sintering during the operating process for long-term, to minimize the sintering of the catalyst, thus maintain the specific surface area not to be reduced and affect catalyst activity.

 

Active Stage of Innovating Promotes the Development of Tungsten Heater

Recently, entrepreneurs survey system of the Development Research Center of the State Council issued "China Enterprise Innovation Trends Index," it was said that the current Chinese enterprises began to enter the active phase of innovation, the main trend of China's economy will be innovation as motivation for the future development.

As early as the end of 2015, Chinese entrepreneurs organized the 23rd nationwide annual follow-up survey of enterprise operation, according to the survey, the average score of Chinese enterprise innovation trends index was 54.95. As it can be seen from the survey results, there were eighty percent of enterprises have realized the importance and urgency of innovation, they were willing to input more manpower and material resources for innovation. Innovation potential score was 64.68, innovation inputs was obtained a score of 67.83. Subsequent year the number of entrepreneurs planed to add the “total innovation investment” accounted for 55.1%, unchanged entrepreneurs accounted for 39.8%, and those entrepreneurs who reduce investment only accounted for 5.1%. This showed that companies already have a good potential for innovation and they all have high willingness to innovate.

The survey also found that the improvement of the quality of products, environment, new markets and other aspects of Chinese enterprises are showing a positive effect for innovation. Entrepreneurs continuously improve product and service quality, they pay attention to the impact on the environment healthy and safe. This will not only improve the degree of innovation of enterprises, but also improve the health of the entire market transactions. This makes it possible to maintain the vitality of tungsten enterprises to survive in the competition. Innovative products will greatly facilitate the application of tungsten heater and transactions, improving the downturn state of the tungsten market. Although many companies focus on innovation, but the execution is not enough, creative talents is still a big problem that many people have employment abroad, China still needs to make efforts.

tungsten heater

Nonferrous Metals Industry Turns Better, Overcapacity of Tungsten Heater still Exists

It was reported that recently, the National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China issued management situation of nonferrous metals industry in the first half of 2016. It said that the smooth operation of it and the price of the main product had small rising, efficiency of the industry continued to be improve, the main business income was 2.2074 trillion RMB, an increase of 2.6% and profit was 68.74 billion RMB, an increase of 8.6%. Deficit of the industry reduced to some extent, amount of loss of enterprises was 17.6 billion RMB, down 11.8%, wherein the aluminum enterprises lost 4.05 billion RMB, down 22.4%. The industry fixed assets investment completed was 232.7 billion RMB, an increase of 2%.

It is clear from the above data that Chinese nonferrous metals industry continues to turn better, and the prices also get better. This is related to China's real estate rebound, increased investment and other reasons, it is also affected by industry output adjustment. But for long-term development perspective, because the long-term production of tungsten heater and other non-ferrous metal industry overcapacity, market supply and demand are imbalance and have other issues, so non-ferrous metals industry operators are facing difficulties.

Since 2014, China's major non-ferrous metal prices continued to fall dramatically, the industry is in loss status for a long time, there are a great majority of enterprises due to low prices and cannot afford to be out of the market. Coupled with the global economy in recent years are in a volatile situation, which made development of China's nonferrous metals industry become more difficult. With the recent release of relevant policies and measures to improve the continuous problem of production capacity, non-ferrous metal industry gradually improved, but if China wants the whole industry can achieve key breakthrough, she also needs to handle problem of the non-ferrous metal product application technology, product quality, engineering and construction standards and others.

tungsten heater

Upgrade of Prospecting Potential in Chifeng City Promotes the Development of Tungsten Heater

tungsten heaterChifeng City is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It borders Xilin Gol League to the north and west, Tongliao to the northeast, Chaoyang (Liaoning) to the southeast, and Chengde (Hebei) to the south. On July 10, project acceptance meeting of "Home Town of China Nonferrous Metals • Comprehensive Utilization Research of Tailings and Metallogenic Regularity of Nonferrous Metals," was held in Beijing. The project "Comprehensive Utilization Research of Tailings" carried out systematic surveys and studies for lead, zinc, copper, silver, and molybdenum, tin and other non-ferrous metal deposit in Chifeng region and did varying degrees of research on more than 40 typical deposit. And the main types of non-ferrous metal deposits of Chifeng region can be concluded as follows which are based on this study: hydrothermal vein type, skarn, porphyry, volcanic - subvolcanic hydrothermal, sedimentary water spray pattern. What’s more, Chifeng area can be divided into three metallogenic period: Permian, Early - Middle Triassic, Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous, for further opening up new ideas for prospecting ore in Chifeng region. Overall research projects provide a strong scientific basis for further prospecting work in Chifeng city.

The project "Comprehensive Utilization Research of Tailings and Green Management of Chifeng City" caried out procedural model for the comprehensive utilization of metal mine tailings investigation, which compromises the technology portfolio of test analysis for tailings, including quantitative analysis for chemical composition of tailings, mineral composition, particle size and texture of the three systems, providing comprehensive support data for subsequent disposal and utilization program. On the other hand, carried out systematic investigation for the selection of 10 from Chifeng nonferrous metals, iron, gold and tungsten mine tailings, and made preliminary recommendations for its disposal and application. This will be beneficial to subsequent development of tungsten products, such as tungsten heater.

 

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