14 Chinese Society of Rare Earths , said purchasing and storage of rare earth is expected to honor the month , is expected to reach ten billion yuan entire purchasing and storage tray . There are six participating companies , purchasing and storage varieties praseodymium , neodymium oxide, dysprosium and other heavy rare earth . Society of Rare Earths sources said the policy of promoting downstream applications is also brewing in rare earth stocks will usher in the outbreak .

The United States and Europe are on the Chinese rare earth export policy sued to WTO, the outcome of litigation fastest at the end of the outcome. To this end, China is brewing a number of New Deal response to export changing situation , including smuggling crackdown , the proposed introduction of "Rare Management Regulations" , the formation of large groups , and prepare different varieties of rare earth differentiated management. The end of September , at the national level , " self-examination " has ended, this month ushered in more intensive peer review . Meanwhile , the industry is expected to round the heavy rare earth purchasing and storage efforts, some varieties of global purchasing and storage size may exceed 50% of annual consumption . Despite lower demand in general , but a catalyst for continuous fermentation supply contraction will push up the earth offer.

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October 15 rare earth products price quotes

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Multiple composite rare earth tungsten electrode is a new non-polluting materials , its comprehensive welding performance , can replace radioactive thorium tungsten electrode . Under the same conditions, multivariate test specification composite rare earth tungsten electrode arc performance at or better than the same size thorium tungsten electrode , the critical arc starting voltage of only 32.6VB. 20 minutes at rated current test specification composite rare earth electrode under the same specifications than burning thorium tungsten electrode burning low 0.5mg or more.

Recently, the national " 15" 863 project " multiple composite rare earth tungsten electrode materials industry key technology research" through research cooperation , developed with independent intellectual property rights of multiple composite rare earth tungsten electrodes full industrial technology , can substitute the thoriated tungsten electrode .

Tungsten is a kind of widely used welding, plasma welding, spraying, cutting technology and metallurgical industry in the critical heat source materials currently in use around the world more than 70% tungsten electrodes are still contaminated with radioactive thorium tungsten electrode , severe pollute the environment and endanger human health. The project research breakthrough material composition , manufacturing process and equipment, and testing equipment and other core technology , invented the integrated welding performance is better than the existing multi- thorium tungsten electrode composite rare earth tungsten electrodes , the development of multiple rare earth tungsten electrode preparation APT direct doping, large temperature gradient reduction , low current vertical melt sintering technology, the formation of rare earth tungsten electrodes industrial production process to achieve efficient production and quality control . New products have been diversified rare earth tungsten electrodes to achieve industrial-scale production and quantities.


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China's " multiple composite rare earth tungsten electrodes and preparation technology " results recently passed expert appraisal. The study by Beijing University and Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Beijing Tungsten & Molybdenum Material Factory co-developed multi-composite rare earth tungsten electrodes series of new products , manufacturing process and equipment, and testing equipment , such as full industrial technology , products, overall performance is better than radioactive thorium tungsten electrode to solve China's relevant materials industry is a major technical problems.

Tungsten is a kind of widely used welding, plasma welding, spraying, cutting technology and metallurgical industry in the critical heat source material , tungsten electrodes used worldwide each year the total consumption over 1600 tons . But currently using tungsten electrodes that there is still more than 70% of radioactive contamination thoriated tungsten electrodes , seriously polluting the environment and endanger human health. "multiple composite rare earth tungsten electrodes and preparation technology" project independently developed a diverse composite rare earth tungsten electrode material , not only integrated performance , but because they do not use radioactive elements thorium , to achieve a non-radioactive contamination in the field of green production and be used.

Chen Yunbo other three by the Academy of Sciences, 863 new materials technology special functional materials such as technical subject matter expert Chow head 13 experts appraisal committee believes that the project overall technology has reached the international advanced level. Project main features and innovations embodied in the establishment of a composite rare earth tungsten electrode burning model , explaining the electrodes wear mechanism reveals multiple composite rare synergy mechanism , proposed the use of rare earth complex synergistic composition design principles , invented the integrated welding performance is better than the existing multi- thoriated tungsten electrode composite rare earth tungsten electrodes ; proven rare earth tungsten electrodes multivariate powder metallurgy and plastic processing and other preparation processes were investigated to develop a diversified preparation of rare earth doped tungsten electrodes directly APT complex, large temperature gradient reduction , low current vertical melt sintering technology , the formation of rare earth tungsten electrodes for industrial production processes ; integrated innovation developed production line key equipment , to achieve efficient production and process quality control, industrial production yield than the current thorium tungsten 5% higher than the class -leading levels of materials processing , and the establishment of domestic rare earth 's first multi-composite tungsten electrode production lines with annual production capacity of 120 tons .


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Rare is related to world peace and national security strategic metals. If you continue the existing production business model, perhaps 20-50 years , China will become a rare small country

Why is the "Patriot " missiles can be more easily shot down "Scud" ? Why, despite the US-made M1 and Soviet-made T-72 tanks , guns direct distance gap is not large , but the former was always an earlier fire , but play more accurate ? Why the F-22 fighter can cruise at supersonic speed ? ......

The "why" outlines the tremendous progress in today's military technology , and also sketched out the nearly 20 years the world 's turmoil and conflict. For every " why", has its specific and clear answer. However, from the perspective of materials science , "rare earth " can one solve all these problems .

Development and application of rare earth in recent decades for military technology to provide a powerful engine thrust . Gulf War military incredible miracle that the U.S. military during the Cold War after local war demonstrated ability to control the process of asymmetry , from a certain sense , it is rare accomplishment it all.

For this reason, the development and utilization of rare earth also gave birth to the great danger . On the one hand , more and more countries , the military forces in order to gain control of the asymmetry of the opponent , but to participate and compete for research and development of rare earth , gave birth to the risk of an arms race ; the other hand, the ability to obtain such countries are more inclined to the threat or war settlement of disputes. In this regard, China as the world's largest rare earth reserves in the country , it is necessary for this kind of arms race from the source to cool down , and strictly limit rare earth mining , and immediately banned exports of rare earths .

In fact, the Chinese government on the development of rare earth is nothing less attention. Back in the 1950s , Premier Zhou Enlai put the development of rare earth inclusion of China's first technology development plan . 1975 , China has set up a leading group of rare earth , even if the State agency how many adjustments, but the rare earth industry specialized management agencies has been preserved. 1991 , was included in the national protection of rare earth minerals . Protected from the rare-earth policy perspective, the specialized agencies and stable industrial policy , the state of a consistent overall control , even if the Chinese oil nor such treatment. However, the rare earth industry, the results of decades of development , basically selling resources remained at a low level of standards.

For the rare earth production status , the Ministry conducted since 1999 cleanup work numerous times for issues including indiscriminate indiscriminate digging , excess capacity , disorder , measures taken include total control, blow up illegal mines, confiscation production equipment, judicial intervention , permits, and grass-roots government signed liability form , signed a contract with mine ...... 2005 , the Commerce Department began to use tax control exports of rare earths . These measures the intensity of the strong, long duration , almost reached the limits of the power of administration .

However, chaos remains. It has been concluded China Rare Earth has seven mystery : 1. To industrial policy -oriented macro-control has always been difficult to work ; 2 . Adjust the industrial structure and control of the total production policy is defeated again ; 3 . Sustainable development can not be mined implementation ; 4 for the principle of a unified plan difficult to implement measures to strengthen management ; 5 through technological innovation to promote industrial upgrading desire always just aspirations ; 6 . rely on industry self-regulation to achieve the restructuring measures can not start ; 7 . strengthen promotion and application to improve value-added products to reach the target date .

It was in this chaos among the Chinese Rare Earth mineable reserves of the world from a decade ago to 80% , down to today's 52%. If you continue the existing production business model, perhaps 20-50 years , China will become a rare small country . If one day, China recognizes the value of rare earths , and want the world to buy, then wait for the Chinese will be astronomical .

Rare to make weapons and more cold-blooded

Rare is related to world peace and national security strategic metals. Why is the "Patriot " missiles can be more easily destroyed "Scud " missiles ? Thanks to former precise guidance system for the excellent work . The guidance system using about 4 kg of samarium cobalt magnets and neodymium magnets for electron beam focusing , samarium , neodymium rare earth element .

Why M1 tank can be done before the enemy found ? Because the tanks are equipped neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser rangefinder , on a clear day you can reach nearly 4,000 meters and observation distance, and T-72 laser rangefinder function even good to see 2000 meters . And at night , adding rare earth elements lanthanum night vision has become a nightmare for the Iraqi army .

As for the F-22 supersonic cruise function, thanks to its powerful engine and a light and strong body , thanks to extensive use of rare earth technology they are creating specialty materials . For example F119 engine blades and combustion chambers using resistant titanium alloy , this alloy is said to be used for manufacturing rhenium ; while the F-22 's fuselage is certainly a rare earth magnesium alloy reinforced armed . Otherwise , supersonic cruise , F119 powerful enough to destroy its own power .

All these are only glimpsed . In fact, every high-tech weapon called almost no one there is no earth figure ; more deadly , rare earth tend to focus on making these weapons miraculous of the most critical parts . For example, " Patriot" in addition to guidance systems, missile control surfaces and other key parts is using rare earth alloy ; some advanced tank armor with rare earth materials , the ballistic performance better ; there are those who control the battlefield situation in the United States "telescope " , " ears "using the power of rare earth science and technology has created a traveling wave tube , which makes it more reliable, stronger anti-interference ......

Simply put, compared to conventional weapons, the advantages of high-tech weapons in its more convenient, more sensitive , more accurate and easier to manipulate . The lift is easy , but it epitomizes today's materials science, engineering and manufacturing of Electronic Science and the many highest achievement . These achievements obtained , often stems from some of the special features of rare earth discovery and application .

Rare are industrial " vitamin " said , because of its excellent optical and electromagnetic physical characteristics, can be composed of different properties with other materials , a wide variety of new material, its most notable feature is the substantial increase in the quality of other products and performance. Such as greatly improved for the manufacture of tanks, planes , missiles, steel , aluminum [ colored Opportunity: aluminum alloy ] , magnesium alloys, titanium tactical performance. Moreover , the rare earth is also electronic , laser, nuclear industry, superconductivity , and many other high-tech lubricants. RE technology once used for military , will inevitably bring about a leap in military technology . In a certain sense, the U.S. military after the Cold War times overwhelming local control, and be able to openly wanton killing enemies , is due to the rare earth technology sector takes the cake .

For others to do the wedding dress of the Chinese Rare Earth

"The Middle East has oil , China has rare earths. "This is Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in 1992, famously said . However, in developed countries, has the rare earths as a strategic resource , and to take action when the rare earth in China is seen as more just ordinary commodities for foreign exchange .

China Rare Earth occupies several world first : reserves of the world 's total reserves of the first, especially in the military field has great significance and relative shortage of heavy rare earth ; production scale first , in 2005 China 's 96 of the world's rare earth production % ; export volume in the world, 60% of Chinese production for export, exports accounted for more than 63% of international trade , and China is the world's only large supply of different grades and different varieties of rare earth products in the country. It can be said that China is the open door to the world supply regardless of the cost . According to the National Development and Reform Commission 's report , China 's rare earth smelting separation annual production capacity of 200,000 tons , more than double the world's annual demand . And China 's generous , creating a number of countries greed.

Started by manufacturing and electronics industries in Japan , South Korea 's own shortage of resources, the dependence on the rare earth is self-evident . China exports nearly 70% have gone to these two countries . As the world's second U.S. rare earth reserves , very early on, sealed the largest rare earth mine in Mountain Pass mine , molybdenum production has stopped , instead of a year from a large number of imports. Reserves as not many Western European countries , the more cherish their rare earth resources, but also important users of rare earth .

Greed manifested in the developed countries , in addition to production needs, they are not only through government funding over the purchase , storage warehouses in their respective countries - such practices at South Korea and other countries for years ; addition to the purchase , but also By investing in China and other ways to circumvent the law , participate in the development of rare earth , the line open for plunder .

Unfortunately, the Chinese government has no effective control measure. Many experts called for a strategic reserve system , has seen movement . Moreover, since the earth did not really recognize the strategic value , resulting in China 's rare earth resources development into a fully-fledged waste - production disorder , excessive competition , China has monopoly control of rare earth resources , while is completely not have pricing power, long-term rare earth prices remain low , sometimes even worse than pork .

Swarmed blind development and poor macro planning level , leading Chinese rare earth development did not become big country , China Rare Earth Technology is far behind developed countries. Given the military technology of rare earth in enhancing significant role, if any of this trend , China's exports of rare earth will one day constitute China's national security and a serious threat to world peace , China will provide a short-sighted and irresponsible production and development of pay price.

Currently, the major buyers of Chinese Rare Earth Japan, South Korea , the United States , and the former has territorial disputes with China , and the latter on the Taiwan question constitutes a real threat to China 's largest , and is a major player in recent local wars world . In fact, some already in China against the East China Sea, Yellow Sea staged. However, in these confrontations occurred, few people think of those who can really threaten China 's warplanes , warships and missiles, radar surveillance in China is probably a key component of China 's rare earth exports created by reckless . United States, Japan is rare scientific and technological power . Japan, for example , the Japanese in the relevant application of rare earth materials science , radar, even on the microelectronics industry has more than U.S. technology manufacturing capabilities. U.S. active-duty weapons , submarines, high-strength steel, 80% of the missile microelectronic chips made ​​in Japan , the aircraft engine research and development ...... special ceramics also Japan Japanese scientists had boasted that , if not Japanese chip , the U.S. cruise missile accuracy not 10 meters, but 50 m . However, we can imagine that these micro- chip , high- strength steel if the lack of rare earth, which might not be produced .

Must be banned exports of rare earths

Since the last few decades , government leaders is nothing less concerned authorities is nothing less conscientious , experts and scholars have made ​​a number of suggestions, but China 's rare earth development remains still at a low level , then the long run , the most effective and the easiest way to implement , than immediate ban on exports of rare earths , only maintain domestic production and research and development required output size , or simply buy from the international market .

This has three advantages : First , to maximize the protection of non-renewable resources of rare earth , rare earth fundamentally eliminate local development as well as theft of the disorder , because these years , a huge loss of rare earth , precisely because some governments and individuals are international markets petty temptations ; secondly, to solve industry consolidation , out of production efficiency is not high , serious waste of resources development of small businesses , eliminate excess capacity ; Third, China rare Earth Technology fight for technology development, upgrading of the time , but it must be recognized that to catch up with international standards in the short term , passive protection alone is not enough .

Japan International Research Institute on behalf of future scientific Kazuyuki Hamada said: " China has the world's rare earth resources, 88% ( sic , should be mined ) , barium , antimony and indium reserves are also very rich, grabbed the Japan-US throat , Japan and the United States do not have these rare , it can not manufacture precision -guided weapons . " China probably should not go to pinch someone else's throat , but must plan ahead, do not let others grabbed his throat in the future . Association Central Liaison Committee , the Division Yanshuang Li , chairman of Union Carbide Co., Ltd. has not Worry carefully pointed out that " our country's reserves of rare metals are not many . "


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As we all know , is a commonly used thorium tungsten electrode tungsten electrodes , tungsten electrodes cerium , lanthanum tungsten electrode , yttrium tungsten electrode

In addition to the tungsten electrode , there are other less common tungsten electrodes , such as those containing thorium 1% thoriated tungsten electrodes , thoriated tungsten electrodes 4% thorium , yttrium containing 2% yttrium tungsten electrode , and three kinds of alloying elements mixed tungsten electrodes called ternary rare earth tungsten electrodes , and not radioactive. Purpose is to balance the internal mobility of electrons and evaporation rates , making tungsten electrodes to maximize the performance , but also reduces the electron work function of electrons . Repeated arcing and arcing can easily and mixed oxides of the same type if the welding cycle is in the case of more than 15 minutes , its service life will be longer. Japanese technology research shows that ternary rare earth tungsten electrodes was very successful , and especially excellent welding performance . It is expected that more models for this product will appear in the U.S. market. Japanese and European markets have recognized this three yuan a combination of non-radioactive tungsten oxide electrode .

Packet transfer requirements: 10 / plastic box , the length is 150mm or 175mm, 1000 per carton.


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This market stable rare earth oxide -based, inquiry deserted , too few buyers demand , some species in demand for light under a slight trimming.

Praseodymium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 560,000-580,000 yuan / ton. Neodymium oxide 350,000-355,000 yuan / ton.

Dysprosium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 190-210 yuan / ton, dysprosium iron mainstream manufacturers tax price 205-215 yuan / ton.

Lanthanum oxide manufacturers tax price 27,000-28,000 yuan / ton. Cerium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 26,000-28,000 yuan / ton.

Praseodymium neodymium mainstream manufacturers tax price 350,000-355,000 yuan / ton, praseodymium neodymium metal mainstream manufacturers tax price of 435,000-445,000 yuan / ton.

Europium oxide phosphor grade mainstream manufacturers tax price 4,800-5,000 yuan / kg . Terbium oxide phosphor grade mainstream manufacturers tax price 4,100-4,200 yuan / kg .


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Reporter yesterday from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology was informed that the Ministry of Public Security and other eight ministries in the second half will be carried out jointly by the National Rare rectification work. "Combating rare earth mining , production, circulation of illegal special action plan" released yesterday , the industry believes that the move will help the healthy development of rare earth industry , positive leading enterprises.

Su Bo, vice minister of the Ministry of Industry in April this year to attend the first session of China Rare Earth Industry Association member -cum- director general has made it clear that this year , the State Council departments will adopt more stringent measures , combined with the rare earth invoices monitoring system implementation , increase combating illicit production of rare earths , black market and other special rectification, and resolutely deal with a number of typical cases .

Reporters learned that, in order to achieve this goal, "Combating rare earth mining , production, circulation of illegal behavior special action program " has been officially released .

According action programs , special action will be August 15 to November 15 in full swing. Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Land , Ministry of Environmental Protection , Customs, State Administration of Taxation , the State Administration for Industry and Commerce , the State Administration of Work Safety will participate .


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A rare top-down regulation " storm" has begun. Recently, this reporter learned from the Ministry of authority , the Ministry is preparing a " special invoices " as a clue, involving the domestic rare earth mining, smelting and trading enterprise for large-scale separation of the special investigation, one by one register and check the conditions established under the earth management " black list " and categorized for management, to establish long-term regulatory mechanism .

With the previous inspection have other is that this rare remediation objects , including not only Baotou , Ganzhou , Guangdong and other places of rare earth minerals separation of rare earth mining and smelting enterprises, some of Shanghai , Beijing and other rare-earth trading companies are also the scope of the examination , a total of 1594 households.

" Once Rare illegal activities, in addition to local authorities for shutting down rectify such punishment, the rare earth companies will be registered into the earth ' blacklist ', including the people in charge ( the boss ) , will become the Ministry of Industry and local government focus monitoring objects , and local government accountability linked to prevent ' resurgence ' . " The source said.

As China's important strategic resource , in order to protect resources and the environment , China has adopted a more stringent policy of rare earth mining and production management . But the temptation of huge profits , free outside of the regulatory "black earth " industrial chain has continued to grow, not only the destruction of the environment and waste of resources , but also to the integration of rare earth great difficulty .

China Rare Earth Association Secretary-General Ma Rongzhang had anxiously said that at present the country illegally rare earth production capacity is close to the sum of legitimate businesses . In 2012 , for example, the South of heavy rare earth minerals total of 13,400 tons of mandatory plans . But according to Rare Earth Industry Association statistics, in the South mine in 2012 to produce at least 3.7 million tons, which can launch the South smelting enterprises ionic mineral separation , 70% of unknown origin .

More worrying is the situation from the past , often against production and sales of "black earth " special event is over, it began criminals rampant , some of the illegal exploitation of rare earth smelting separation plant are & ldquo ; limelight "after the resurgence . Individual local governments are also thinking of local protectionism , combat is not positive, but also in violation of national industrial policy, rare earth smelting and separation of rare earth projects in excess of authority , or even condone the illegal production and processing of rare earth behavior. "We want to solve the problem of repeated , worked out a more effective regulatory mechanism. "

Authorities said above , recently the Ministry has been used since last year, the list of enterprises Rare invoices , in accordance with enterprise registration underground distributed to local governments , and requires each local authority to all enterprises involved in rare earth raw materials procurement , production, processing and downstream customers fill out checklist case , the first phase of local self-examination requirement completed in October , followed by a second phase of eight ministries and commissions of the Joint Inspection , and finally to create a database of rare earth enterprises administered separately , for some tainted or repeated violations enterprises ( responsible person ) requires local governments to supervise the handling and implementation of the accountability system .

"The first is to block the source , through the protection and exploitation of mining and smelting separation enterprises supervision to prevent illegal exploitation or exceed the mandatory plan and oxides of rare earth ore mining products to the market ; followed by a thorough investigation of the flow through the earth sources of trade enterprises purchase and sales records registration investigation, if it is found trade enterprises selling products of unknown origin will be investigated and dealt with , to prevent trade enterprises have become the black earth ' bleached ' tool. " a rare Inspection Unit Ministry officials said.

August 26 to 30 , the reporter to follow the Ministry of Baotou Rare Earth inspection teams to conduct research informed that some selected scenes have unlawfully engaged in iron ore smelting and separation of rare earth , rare earth prices soaring once in the period earned " bowl full of pots overflow " in the local authorities under the crackdown has been forced to shut down now for several months. This reporter saw a number of domestic and farm located Wulateqianqi flotation involving rare earth enterprises are based on " recycled iron , sponge iron " in the name , cleverly evaded government regulators , plant and outside are dust and weeds , the scene of rare earth flotation device process is very simple, and basically there is no environmental protection equipment .

"In order to avoid regulation , these illegal concentrator will choose some of the sparsely populated, remote areas and mountains , it also gives us the work of great difficulty . Some plant Basically addition to local reports , there is virtually no way to discovery. "The local government authorities have pointed to a person in charge of abandoned open-air concentrator , said , " This place usually do not come into the car , on foot must take more than one hour , concealment is very strong , they are the first to use a forklift the road leveled and then transported rare earth ore . "

"Our next step will be to increase the intensity of rare earth remediation . In addition to meet the special rectification , but we have to put on the development of rare earth industry overall planning program to accelerate the development of Baotou Rare Earth industry consolidation extends to deep processing , and to strengthen and Bayan Obo mine tailings management and governance efforts. Moreover once the illegal mining, Pirates ore, smelting separation , etc. will be severely punished . " Baotou City Vice Mayor Xu Delin an interview with reporters said.


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Recently, the Chinese Academy of Sciences condition protection and Financial Bureau organized experts to Changchun should be borne by the CAS repair purchase special equipment project " Rare Earth Functional Materials of R & D platform" and " purity anhydrous rare earth halide development platform," on-site inspection.

Institute of Finance Bureau of the special conditions of security and the House of Representatives to do the competent authorities Shen Mengzhi describes the purpose of the project acceptance and specific requirements, Hu, on behalf of the Institute deputy director determined to hospital authorities and experts to guide leaders welcomed and hope that through this site acceptance Institute for the class can be further improved project management and implementation of standards.

Research and a Deputy Director Zhu Lin made ​​a management report on the CIAC purchase special management and implementation of repair progress , You Hongpeng researchers, LIAO Wu Ping researcher on a project undertaken by two reports were done the work and funding Final Report . Experts on the management of special funds , equipment procurement programs and files management, made ​​valuable comments and suggestions , and related archival material has been carefully reviewed .

Acceptance Group agreed that the project management and execution in good condition , archival material and arrangement , agreed to acceptance .

Rare Earth Functional Materials of R & D platform will greatly facilitate the establishment of the Regional Centre in rare earth functional structural materials research, play the advantages of regional concentration , and to promote research in the area of rare earth . Development of high-purity anhydrous rare earth halides establishment of the platform will greatly promote the domestic production of anhydrous rare earth halides stable process development . At the same time , the platform will also provide a purified preparation of thorium fuel level to provide the necessary conditions for security, the promotion of thorium-based nuclear power generation , and promote the recovery of thorium resources and use of nuclear energy .


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