November 7, 2013 Price of rare earth products

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Policy overweight + demand rebounded back strong rare earth prices . Unilateral stimulation leaving early supply of rare earth prices artificially high due to the downstream demand stalemate will be broken with the improvement , and at the end state and the stimulation of the central enterprises purchasing and storage begins with the amount of continued strength . China will not allow valuable rare earth resources, " cheap exports " is a core subject. "demand with purchasing and storage stimulation, the whole industry chain began to increase inventory" and " supply contract " Start multifactorial resonance .

Small peak in the fourth quarter boost demand stabilization and recovery orders , breaking pre- earth prices partial virtual deadlock. Long term , NdFeB in industrial energy-saving motors , wind power, new energy vehicles and other energy-saving and new energy demand is huge ; medium term , a good momentum of economic recovery in Europe and America , is conducive to export-oriented high-performance NdFeB demand growth ; short term, the fourth quarter is the traditional peak season NdFeB sales , we expect the fourth quarter, the company orders are likely to increase , the operating rate may rise rapidly .

Executives holdings strengthen confidence. The holdings of fully reflects management's sustained and stable development of the company 's confidence in the future , the interests of management and shareholders demands harmonization would be more conducive to long-term development .


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Today, rare earth market as a whole is relatively stable , offer little fluctuation , individual product prices slightly adjusted. Insiders supplier, said the market is now tepid , still have no market price .

Praseodymium neodymium market , according to the words of Baotou manufacturers , this week the price is up a point, but did not rise much , the current business offer are generally increased over the previous weekend , but no spikes situation. It is understood that neodymium oxide, praseodymium , neodymium , praseodymium market price rate increases over the previous weekend in the 1-2 yuan / ton.

According to Ganzhou supplier said that the current price is slightly lower praseodymium oxide , which is contrary to recent expectations , but the vendor recognize that price was a little down , the current grass Shen praseodymium oxide market with ticket prices 57-57.5 yuan / ton, not with ticket prices from 540,000 yuan / ton down to 532,000 yuan / ton. Praseodymium oxide carbon sink prices slightly lower price 10,000 yuan / ton.

Neodymium oxide market today, some suppliers offer up to 340,000 yuan / ton, but also admitted that there was no significant improvement in the market , but at present, the supply side initiative shill , really good prices it may have to wait a few days . Similarly, erbium oxide slight increase in the market price in the week , but the basic market no much impact, according to some manufacturers Application reflects the current erbium oxide offer a slight increase , given the price changes that may affect the purchasing and storage , the demand side focus on the market also increased slightly . Currently erbium oxide supplier quotes in 34-35 yuan / ton or so.

Dysprosium products market quotations gap is still large. Currently the market supply of dysprosium oxide with a ticket price of 190-200 yuan / ton , while Shanghai dysprosium iron reflect regional suppliers with ticket prices have been raised to 2.05 million yuan / ton , according to a Ganzhou region with suppliers to understand , dysprosium iron present with a ticket price of 193 yuan / ton.


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November 7 : Today, rare earth market as a whole is relatively stable , offer little fluctuation , individual product prices slightly adjusted. Insiders supplier, said the market is now tepid , still have no market price .

Dysprosium oxide mainstream manufacturers incl 195-205 yuan / ton, dysprosium iron mainstream manufacturers tax price 195-205 yuan / ton.

Praseodymium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 560,000-580,000 yuan / ton. Neodymium oxide 320,000-340,000 yuan / ton.

Lanthanum oxide manufacturers tax price 26,000-27,000 yuan / ton. Cerium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 25,000-27,000 yuan / ton.

Neodymium oxide, praseodymium mainstream manufacturers tax price 330,000-340,000 yuan / ton , praseodymium neodymium metal mainstream manufacturers tax price 425,000-435,000 yuan / ton.

Europium oxide phosphor grade mainstream manufacturers tax price 4,500-4,700 yuan / kg . Terbium oxide phosphor grade mainstream manufacturers tax price 3,850-3,950 yuan / kg .


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Reporter yesterday learned from Baotou customs branch , the Bureau uncovered collusion between domestic and foreign smugglers smuggling of rare earth export cases, arrested in smuggling of rare earth five suspects , the case is Baotou Customs seized since the first shipping channel smuggling of rare earth case .

Collusion between domestic and foreign smugglers trafficking Rare

August 17, 2012 , Baotou customs branch for investigation Baotou rare earth metal producers in a suspected smuggling of rare earth to Vietnam , immediately set up anti-smuggling task force , and the case was named " 8.17 " rare earth smuggling case , expand investigation . Panel quickly locked the companies involved , as well as inside and outside the main people involved in the specific commodity involved in rare earth and rare earth mastered to buy from sources delivered to Guangxi , and then smuggled and capital flows such as smuggling basic context . Subsequently, the task force to carry out the external evidence, determine the specific time of financial transactions , payment and collection personnel information and the specific amount and so on.

September 2, 2012 , the task force to obtain information - the companies involved will further develop rare earth transactions may be shipped Guangxi smuggled . To this end , the panel be closely monitored to clarify the Baotou Rare Earth products from the region and then transported to the city of Pingxiang in Guangxi Pingxiang border crossings from smuggled out of the overall context, mastered the most direct and crucial evidence of smuggling .

Waiting for the day, the task force has been closely monitoring the whereabouts of domestic and foreign smugglers and transaction behavior , wait for the simultaneous occurrence of arrest smugglers opportunity. Finally, 15 July 2013 , the task force to obtain information , an offshore company executives and Guangxi a smuggling organizers to go to Baotou Rare Earth and domestic companies involved in business negotiations. July 18 , three arrest team simultaneous action , captured in one fell swoop involved five suspects involved in the case company to carry out a search of evidence to obtain a specific rare earth sales records , be discovered and seized from Vietnam underreporting Price smuggled mahogany furniture 93 , and wound off from Vietnam smuggled 38 tons of rare earth ore .

Ultimately, the task force has revealed that from December 2011 to September 2012 , the Baotou City, a company involved with Vietnam an e-mail through the network to negotiate sale of rare earth , rare earth products of six batches illegally sold to overseas companies , involving rare earth a total of 130 tons , with a total value of 12.1 million yuan , a total of nearly 2 million yuan suspected of tax evasion .

In domestic trade as a cover to avoid regulation

According to the anti-smuggling investigators introduced the Customs cracked Baotou Rare cases of smuggling , in Investigating the difficulties encountered in the process . Domestic companies and foreign companies trading process, the place of delivery agreed in the domestic and foreign companies will be paid through underground banks in Guangxi Guangxi remitted from Baotou designated account. Two companies in the domestic trade as a cover to avoid regulation , the way hidden, and the two officers more than 3000 km away , to bring greater difficulties in the investigation and evidence gathering . Two companies trading process , both through e-mail contact to negotiate , do not sign a paper contract ; domestic company to purchase from sources involved in the case of rare earth products also through telephone contact, an oral agreement , even goods out of storage and domestic transportation and other aspects of the document also not retained , two companies are keen to avoid keep the relevant information document , increasing the difficulty of the case evidence .

Rare difference inside and outside up to 2 -fold

It is understood that China is the world's leading rare earth producer and exporter, as the country 's rare earth industry consolidation intensified trade less profitable domestic rare earth , rare earth and abroad there is a huge difference, so smugglers desperate attempt to smuggle rare earths exit profiteering. Currently, the difference inside and outside of rare earth reaches 1.8 to 2 times, so , despite the Chinese customs as a key smuggling of rare earth projects , outlaws still adopt various means to attempt to smuggle rare earth products .

Products for the protection of national strategic resources , the State Council " to further regulate rare metals export order , increase the examination, inspection , and strengthen supervision, will work to combat smuggling rare normalization ." To this end , Baotou Rare Earth Customs in combating smuggling practice, constantly sum up against difficulties and explore effective ways to combat strict customs supervision , standardize enterprise reporting management, strengthen intelligence gathering , and promote scientific testing , improve inspection efficiency , continued to fight .


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Over the past few years, China 's rare earth export quotas issued annually generally used up , Japan, the European Union, the United States and other major imports for China but for the abolition of quotas sued China to the WTO . Some foreign media by the end of October in China will disclose an adverse WTO ruling. According to authoritative sources , China Rare Earth Industry Association has begun with the relevant departments to communicate and to discuss countermeasures.

Widely believed that China rare earth quota system might be canceled , but a Beijing retired officials of the China Securities Journal reporter , said rare earth export quota system was abolished or not does not affect the import and export trade , China is trying to rectify the past few years rare earth mine order and governance environment issues remain modest reduction in the next 2-3 years production, exports , and in the international market so that a certain share.

Insiders pointed out that rare earth behind the U.S. , Japan and Europe lawsuit "encirclement and suppression " suppressing China rare earth prices ambitions , China should strengthen the rare earth mining , production, exports and other aspects management, standardize the market order , in order to " counter- encirclement & rdquo ; .

Export quotas sparked controversy

Rare is the strategic resource, which is 17 kinds of chemical elements collectively , used for wind turbines , fluorescent , iPhone, military radar systems and other products . China has accounted for 23 percent of the world's rare earth reserves bear more than 90% of the world market supply , it also brings a resource over-exploitation , environmental destruction and other outstanding issues .

The last century with cheap Chinese rare earth exchange for foreign exchange and market dominance . In recent years, China has begun to rectify the order of rare earth mine , the development of industry access policies to promote integration of rare earth industry , a series of control measures introduced, along with the capital speculation rare earth prices rose rapidly, the U.S. , Japan and Europe also caused dissatisfaction . Metal neodymium , for example, the first half of 2011, prices rose nearly six -fold.

March 13, 2012 , the United States , European Union, Japan, restrictions on Chinese rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum exports, to WT0 proceedings, whose main object is the rare earths. 1998 China began to implement rare earth export quota licensing system. According to incomplete statistics , in the past many years has resulted in numerous export quota remaining to 2011, for example , the annual export quota ( 30,184 tons ) using only about 60%.

Industry insiders said that in addition to inhibiting demand for rare earth rare earth prices , the user has enough foreign reserves , the United States began production occupies part of the international market , as well as smuggling is also very important.

" rare earth export quota system is in line with the production plan , a measure of mining plans , at least for now, did not affect the development of rare earth export quotas to foreign markets. "These retired officials told China Securities Journal reporter , some companies still use up rare earth export quotas reflect , because before the rare earth market situation is not very good . The former officials previously working in the Chinese authorities in charge of the earth .

For official will therefore cancel the quota system , the former officials said , the rare earth export quota system was abolished or not does not affect the import and export trade activities , the relevant departments should proceed from reality , according to the relevant WTO ruling on China to respect international organizations ruling.

"They ( United States and Japan ) to seize the rare earth export quota system to do the article on the grounds that export quotas are not consistent with WTO trade principles . " Jiangxi Rare Earth Society, Vice Secretary-General Meng Qingjiang said.

The industry believes that China may be adjusted after the end of the proceedings rather than cancel the rare earth export quota system. By the end of 2011 , the Chinese Ministry of rare earth export quota system has been modified , the modified system according to manufacturer's environmental compliance status of quota allocation , in addition to the quota were classified into light rare earth quotas and heavy rare earth quotas .

In October , Guangzhou held a rare meeting, China Rare Earth Industry Association vice president Wang Qin said in public , cancel the first rare earth export quota management recommendations lighter rare earth began to consider . The association was founded in April 2012 , is responsible for assisting the Government in formulating relevant policies and development plans of rare earth industry .

However, rare earth export restrictions violate WTO rules quite controversial. Some experts believe that , according to the relevant WTO provisions , in order to protect resources and the environment to achieve legitimate policy objectives , Member States may take the necessary restrictive measures, including export restrictions .

Export policy to be adjusted

Speaking of rare earth, people used to think it scarce , but actually not rare earth . According to the Ministry of Land and 2009 census, China's rare earth reserves of 18,591,000 tons basis , accounting for 23% of the world . U.S. rare earth reserves of about 13 million tons , but had been closed for many years rare earth plant , dependence on imported Chinese rare earths.

"rare earth not thin , reserves 17 elements together , even higher than some of the copper content . " Jiangxi Rare Earth a PhD told the China Securities Journal reporter , relatively speaking, the heavy rare earths ( such as dysprosium, terbium and other elements ) lighter rare earths ( such as praseodymium , neodymium and other elements ) is more scarce. Data show that in 2011 China exported a total of 17,279 tons of rare earth oxides , 2012 was 16,265 tons .

Mengqing Jiang also said that Chinese exports of rare earth products , but the amount should be liberalized, especially deep- processed products which can be exported , rare earth now controls ( so strict ) , is built on the concept of China's rare earth resources are scarce , and in fact this concept is wrong " from the point of view throughout the proportion of exports of rare earth industry , exports accounted for a very small proportion of production volume , most of the domestic production of digestion ."

It is understood that China 's rare earth exports, mainly from the 1970s . Before 1990 , the entire earth international market in the USA, Europe, Russia monopolized by the early 1990s , with the export release , a large number of companies began to engage in rare earth export trade, export competition is one of the consequences of European countries rare earth uncompetitive , China became the international rare earth market, " boss ." End of 2011, China rare earth supply more than 90% of world demand .

" ( in the past ) is not sold " cabbage price " , but some elements of it must sell" cabbage price ", such as lanthanum , cerium LREE , very rich, and heavy rare earth prices are not cheap , nor is it cabbage price . " Meng Qingjiang said.

"Limiting production will lead to Luancailanwa , black market , leading to a waste of resources. " Meng Qingjiang that the priority should be to adjust the export policy, strengthen application of rare earth development and efficient use of rare earth resources , can not be wasted earth .

Previously, some of the rare earth expert bluntly , rare earth export quota system susceptible to corruption , providing benefits "rent-seeking space," even if the heavy rare earth export restrictions the South , you can also use prices , tariffs and other means to regulate the use of export quotas easily seen by other national grabbed "pigtail ."

An official report said China slashed rare earth export quotas , resulting in a large number of rare earth enterprises due to lack of quotas , eager to have a trading company export quota system purchase targets. The report shows that the end of 2010 rare earth export quota system "market price " has reached 120,000 to 170,000 yuan per ton , up more than 200,000 yuan per ton , while the rare earth quotas speculation to some extent pushed up domestic rare earth spreads.

According to the retired officials, along with the United States, Australia and other countries rare earth enterprises resume production , will produce world's rare earth supply pattern changes, but China in the international market dominance still does not change , the next two to three years in other countries rare earth plant is put into production , supply the international market will account for about 30% , such a situation will ease the supply pressure on China .

Rare applied research to be strengthened

Insiders said that China will remain in the rare earth industry consolidation, including environmental and industry consolidation , etc., but compared with the country's strict control measures , rare earth application development gap with foreign countries is not small . Rare 's value lies in its use .

In this regard, Nanchang University of rare earth functional materials with micro-nano research center director Yong-Xiu , said compared with many developed countries , China has a rare application of a wide gap . However , as countries focus on different areas, some areas abroad is not as Chinese , but in many ways such as light-emitting materials , and abroad in the level of equipment is better than China , products of higher quality.

REE applications is very wide , but its use needs to study human development . Yong-Xiu , said the international community has been engaged in rare earth basic research, compared to China , foreign basic research in the application of rare earth a long time, they are not in order to study and research, but in practice , the production process , to find some of the rare earths element's use .

"Our investment in research is also great, but the earth itself and the related application development is closely related to the field of industrial level , if alone in the lab doing research , not a good industrial base and background applications , it is difficult to make achievements . " Yong-Xiu , said good industrial base overseas enterprises, application of rare earth do their own research, and more targeted, research and application in China both somewhat disjointed .


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October 26, 2013 , has been a year and a half Chinese rare earth international litigation outgoing messages. Allegedly , WTO dispute settlement mechanism to complete panel ruled that the interim report , supports the United States , Japan and the EU against Chinese rare earth export restrictions policy violations aspirations.

To 23% of the world's rare earth resources, bear more than 90% of the market supply. As part of the national strategy of rare earth resources and serious pollution , China's rare earth export controls . 1998 , the Chinese government began to implement rare earth export quota license system, and the rare earth materials included in the processing trade ban catalog , which is to combat the smuggling of black chaos , prompting valuable rare earth prices return should play an important role . Currently on the market are worried that once the export quota was canceled , the customer's inquiry will increase the range of options , while the price negotiation space will become larger, rare earth prices will again appear "cabbage price ."

But Zhai Kun that rare defeat international litigation may not be entirely bad news , or Forced China's rare earth industry, governance and development policies to further deepen the reform . Over the past 20 years , China's rare earth policies and governance measures are maturing . By 2010 , China adopted a " blocking" based " administrative order " to control rare earth mining , smelting and export side, trying to "block " approach to tightening of raw material extraction and processing ends . 2011-2012 , the establishment of the whole industry chain rectify institutional and governance mechanisms to control production from a simple , limited exports gradually transferred to " administrative, marketing both " situation. Increase the establishment of rare earth rare earth reserve system to carry out special rectification invoice mining rights and other administrative measures ; same time, through mergers and acquisitions, establishing a large group of rare earth , and ultimately through corporate self-discipline to achieve rare earth prices and the industry's healthy development . Since 2013 , China's rare earth governance mechanisms to further deepen and increase the strength and hitting the downstream application support , so combining guidance ; put forward the " severity are different, focus on the protection of heavy rare earths ," the pragmatic thinking .

CSC Economic Consulting released the " 2013-2015 China rare earth industry investment analysis and trend forecasting reports " that the earth is the world's strategic resources , is an important support for the development of new industries , our country should be in the rare earth mining , processing, use, etc. to strengthen international cooperation. First, with other countries to carry out rare earth mining and processing of environmental technology cooperation to improve the utilization efficiency of rare earth resources ; second is to keep the world from the perspective of market stability , the other countries with rare earth resources to allow the domestic development , shared responsibility for the global supply of rare earth ; third is to strengthen the recovery and recycling of rare earth , rare earth in the development of alternative sources of international cooperation .

CSC economic consulting , research director Zhou Rui pointed out that China's rare earth industry due to loss of control due to excess capacity, has a profound impact on the downstream industry . The solution to the problem of excess production capacity of rare earth , in addition to strengthening the industry, the key lies in the downstream processing of rare earth industry to accelerate the upgrading through technology research and development, build high- value-added chain backend .


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November 4 , Ganzhou Rare Earth Mining Co., Ltd. integrated rare earth mine ( a ) the project EIA report for the Ministry of Environmental Protection approved . This means discontinued two years Ganzhou Rare Earth Mining is expected to re- mined.

Ganzhou Rare Earth integration behind means that the state following the action before the special system , once again increased the remediation efforts for the rare earth industry .

China 's rare earth reserves have accounted for 71.1% of the world , but in 2012 the State Council Information Office published "China's rare earth conditions and policy," White Paper , China's rare earth reserves accounted for approximately 23% of the world's total reserves .

From 71.1% to 23 %, reflecting not only the domestic rare earth production industry chaos and disorder , also has a rare earth backend chain lacking. How to make rare earth separation and the healthy development of downstream industries , is still a thought-provoking questions .

Management control
In 1998, the Chinese government began to implement rare earth export quota license system, and the inclusion of rare earth materials processing trade ban catalog . In 2006, China implemented the total rare earth mining control and management . In 2008, the state promulgated the "National Mineral Resource Planning ", on the rare earth and other specified minerals of which protective mining implementation planning control to limit exploitation, strict access and utilization .

But a series of policies, still can not stop domestic rare earth production industry confusion. Data show that the annual export and smuggling of rare earth disguised about 20,000 ~ 30,000 tons . According to the Ministry of Industry and the relevant responsible person, foreign customs statistics, in 2011 the amount of rare earth imports from China over the Chinese customs statistics, exports up 1.2 times.

Baotou Rare Earth materials in a responsible person briefed reporters , a large number of undocumented , low-cost rare earth products flooding the market , disrupting normal trading order rare earth market , seriously affecting the survival of informal enterprises , even a threat to the safety of the rare earth industry .

Why is it so rare earth industry mess ? China Rare Earth Industry Association, an unnamed expert to the "China Science News" describes the key lies in the lax management of rare earth mineral development , " for example, why the farmer can easily mined ? Why do some officials are also involved in mining ? Ultimately, whether the relevant departments according to the management of rare earth production is the key . "

China Rare Earth Industry Association Deputy Secretary-General Chen Zhanheng stressed to reporters , the illegal exploitation of rare earth industry for many years , production, exports there has been a chain of black interests .


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Over the past few years, China 's rare earth export quotas issued annually generally used up , Japan, the European Union, the United States and other major imports for China but for the abolition of quotas sued China to the WTO . Some foreign media by the end of October in China will disclose an adverse WTO ruling. According to authoritative sources , China Rare Earth Industry Association has begun with the relevant departments to communicate and to discuss countermeasures.

Widely believed that China rare earth quota system might be canceled , but a Beijing retired officials of the China Securities Journal reporter , said rare earth export quota system was abolished or not does not affect the import and export trade , China is trying to rectify the past few years rare earth mine order and governance environment issues remain modest reduction in the next 2-3 years production, exports , and in the international market so that a certain share.

Insiders pointed out that rare earth behind the U.S. , Japan and Europe lawsuit "encirclement and suppression " suppressing China rare earth prices ambitions , China should strengthen the rare earth mining , production, exports and other aspects management, standardize the market order , in order to " counter- encirclement & rdquo ; .

Export quotas sparked controversy

Rare is the strategic resource, which is 17 kinds of chemical elements collectively , used for wind turbines , fluorescent , iPhone, military radar systems and other products . China has accounted for 23 percent of the world's rare earth reserves bear more than 90% of the world market supply , it also brings a resource over-exploitation , environmental destruction and other outstanding issues .

The last century with cheap Chinese rare earth exchange for foreign exchange and market dominance . In recent years, China has begun to rectify the order of rare earth mine , the development of industry access policies to promote integration of rare earth industry , a series of control measures introduced, along with the capital speculation rare earth prices rose rapidly, the U.S. , Japan and Europe also caused dissatisfaction . Metal neodymium , for example, the first half of 2011, prices rose nearly six -fold.

March 13, 2012 , the United States , European Union, Japan, restrictions on Chinese rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum exports, to WT0 proceedings, whose main object is the rare earths. 1998 China began to implement rare earth export quota licensing system. According to incomplete statistics , in the past many years has resulted in numerous export quota remaining to 2011, for example , the annual export quota ( 30,184 tons ) using only about 60%.

Industry insiders said that in addition to inhibiting demand for rare earth rare earth prices , the user has enough foreign reserves , the United States began production occupies part of the international market , as well as smuggling is also very important.

" rare earth export quota system is in line with the production plan , a measure of mining plans , at least for now, did not affect the development of rare earth export quotas to foreign markets. "These retired officials told China Securities Journal reporter , some companies still use up rare earth export quotas reflect , because before the rare earth market situation is not very good . The former officials previously working in the Chinese authorities in charge of the earth .

For official will therefore cancel the quota system , the former officials said , the rare earth export quota system was abolished or not does not affect the import and export trade activities , the relevant departments should proceed from reality , according to the relevant WTO ruling on China to respect international organizations ruling.

"They ( United States and Japan ) to seize the rare earth export quota system to do the article on the grounds that export quotas are not consistent with WTO trade principles . " Jiangxi Rare Earth Society, Vice Secretary-General Meng Qingjiang said.

The industry believes that China may be adjusted after the end of the proceedings rather than cancel the rare earth export quota system. By the end of 2011 , the Chinese Ministry of rare earth export quota system has been modified , the modified system according to manufacturer's environmental compliance status of quota allocation , in addition to the quota were classified into light rare earth quotas and heavy rare earth quotas .

In October , Guangzhou held a rare meeting, China Rare Earth Industry Association vice president Wang Qin said in public , cancel the first rare earth export quota management recommendations lighter rare earth began to consider . The association was founded in April 2012 , is responsible for assisting the Government in formulating relevant policies and development plans of rare earth industry .

However, rare earth export restrictions violate WTO rules quite controversial. Some experts believe that , according to the relevant WTO provisions , in order to protect resources and the environment to achieve legitimate policy objectives , Member States may take the necessary restrictive measures, including export restrictions .

Export policy to be adjusted

Speaking of rare earth, people used to think it scarce , but actually not rare earth . According to the Ministry of Land and 2009 census, China's rare earth reserves of 18,591,000 tons basis , accounting for 23% of the world . U.S. rare earth reserves of about 13 million tons , but had been closed for many years rare earth plant , dependence on imported Chinese rare earths.

"rare earth not thin , reserves 17 elements together , even higher than some of the copper content . " Jiangxi Rare Earth a PhD told the China Securities Journal reporter , relatively speaking, the heavy rare earths ( such as dysprosium, terbium and other elements ) lighter rare earths ( such as praseodymium , neodymium and other elements ) is more scarce. Data show that in 2011 China exported a total of 17,279 tons of rare earth oxides , 2012 was 16,265 tons .

Mengqing Jiang also said that Chinese exports of rare earth products , but the amount should be liberalized, especially deep- processed products which can be exported , rare earth now controls ( so strict ) , is built on the concept of China's rare earth resources are scarce , and in fact this concept is wrong " from the point of view throughout the proportion of exports of rare earth industry , exports accounted for a very small proportion of production volume , most of the domestic production of digestion ."

It is understood that China 's rare earth exports, mainly from the 1970s . Before 1990 , the entire earth international market in the USA, Europe, Russia monopolized by the early 1990s , with the export release , a large number of companies began to engage in rare earth export trade, export competition is one of the consequences of European countries rare earth uncompetitive , China became the international rare earth market, " boss ." End of 2011, China rare earth supply more than 90% of world demand .

" ( in the past ) is not sold " cabbage price " , but some elements of it must sell" cabbage price ", such as lanthanum , cerium LREE , very rich, and heavy rare earth prices are not cheap , nor is it cabbage price . " Meng Qingjiang said.

"Limiting production will lead to Luancailanwa , black market , leading to a waste of resources. " Meng Qingjiang that the priority should be to adjust the export policy, strengthen application of rare earth development and efficient use of rare earth resources , can not be wasted earth .

Previously, some of the rare earth expert bluntly , rare earth export quota system susceptible to corruption , providing benefits "rent-seeking space," even if the heavy rare earth export restrictions the South , you can also use prices , tariffs and other means to regulate the use of export quotas easily seen by other national grabbed "pigtail ."

An official report said China slashed rare earth export quotas , resulting in a large number of rare earth enterprises due to lack of quotas , eager to have a trading company export quota system purchase targets. The report shows that the end of 2010 rare earth export quota system "market price " has reached 120,000 to 170,000 yuan per ton , up more than 200,000 yuan per ton , while the rare earth quotas speculation to some extent pushed up domestic rare earth spreads.

According to the retired officials, along with the United States, Australia and other countries rare earth enterprises resume production , will produce world's rare earth supply pattern changes, but China in the international market dominance still does not change , the next two to three years in other countries rare earth plant is put into production , supply the international market will account for about 30% , such a situation will ease the supply pressure on China .

Rare applied research to be strengthened

Insiders said that China will remain in the rare earth industry consolidation, including environmental and industry consolidation , etc., but compared with the country's strict control measures , rare earth application development gap with foreign countries is not small . Rare 's value lies in its use .

In this regard, Nanchang University of rare earth functional materials with micro-nano research center director Yong-Xiu , said compared with many developed countries , China has a rare application of a wide gap . However , as countries focus on different areas, some areas abroad is not as Chinese , but in many ways such as light-emitting materials , and abroad in the level of equipment is better than China , products of higher quality.

REE applications is very wide , but its use needs to study human development . Yong-Xiu , said the international community has been engaged in rare earth basic research, compared to China , foreign basic research in the application of rare earth a long time, they are not in order to study and research, but in practice , the production process , to find some of the rare earths element's use .

"Our investment in research is also great, but the earth itself and the related application development is closely related to the field of industrial level , if alone in the lab doing research , not a good industrial base and background applications , it is difficult to make achievements . " Yong-Xiu , said good industrial base overseas enterprises, application of rare earth do their own research, and more targeted, research and application in China both somewhat disjointed .


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After 163 days , a range of 20,000 sea miles . November 6 , Chinese research vessel "Ocean VI" of 6000 meters equipped with unmanned untethered submersible " Qianlong One" arrived at the mouth of the Pearl River in Guangzhou Marine Geological wharf , which marks China Ocean 29th voyage of scientific investigation and the China geological Survey Bureau of investigation 's first leg win over the ocean .

5 leg carry out resource , environmental, biological, and other surveys

May 28 this year , "Ocean VI" set sail from Guangzhou , worked in the country for polymetallic nodules in the eastern Pacific area, the Clarion - Crippa Dayton fracture zone (CC area ) , rich country in the western Pacific Plucking mine cobalt crusts in the Pacific basin seamounts and other four areas to carry out resource , environmental, biological and other investigations, including Guangzhou Marine geological Survey , the National Oceanic two , one , Qingdao Institute of marine Geology, 13 research institutes , etc. 95 expedition members to participate in the voyage of scientific investigation . This is the "Ocean VI" Executive Ocean expedition staff rotation most of the time .

The second and third leg Chief Scientist , Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey , said senior engineer Liu Fanglan , China Ocean 29 expedition voyage into three flight segments , in addition to the first and second leg added between China Geological Survey Bureau special investigation of rare earth resources in the ocean leg . In a different segment , "Ocean VI" Plucking seamounts were completed mining resources and the local area detailed exploration , CC District detailed exploration for polymetallic nodules , new resources surveys and on 6000 m unmanned untethered submersible " Qianlong One " application test. At the same time , the synchronization in the investigation area to carry out environmental, biological surveys , especially in the CC area means a wide range of more comprehensive environmental survey . In addition, China Geological Survey Bureau carried out a segment of new rare earth resources in deep-sea exploration work . Expedition team used various means , the system launched a new resource potential in the Pacific and rare earth exploration to further verify its distribution .

July 19, 2013 , the International Seabed Authority approved the " China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association," proposed mining exploration for cobalt-rich crusts 3000 km2 . In this expedition voyage , the expedition team for the first time in our country in the western Pacific crusts exploration prospects means more detailed investigation carried out for the next project crusts resource evaluation and exploration deployment study provides detailed information , and the successful implementation long cycle environmental observation .

Meanwhile, the " Ocean VI" continues in our area to carry out environmental surveys for polymetallic nodules in the contract to fulfill China Ocean Association and the International Seabed Authority signed the " exploration contracts ," and for the first time at the International Seabed Authority, the proposed environment, especially area of concern for multi- tools, multi-disciplinary environmental research . The CC area to carry out a wide range of environmental surveys , carried out water chemistry , microbiology , benthos , plankton, chlorophyll, mainly to environmental baseline studies , multidisciplinary environmental research , and further complements the Contract Area environmental baseline data .

" Qianlong One" applied successfully completed sea trials

The expedition staff voyage to China has independently developed the 6000 m deep towed acoustic systems and " Qianlong One" pilot applications were carried out and applied sea trial . Which acoustic detection system for the first time deep tow successfully applied crusts mining resources survey , synchronous access to the bathymetric , sidescan , shallow section , three acoustic probe data . " Qianlong One" in the eastern Pacific polymetallic nodule mining 5000 Duo Mihai our test domain , seven successful dive underwater for nearly 30 hours to obtain a number of bathymetric sidescan , shallow stratigraphic section , hydrology , etc. data . Both sets of equipment successfully tested deepwater exploration and application of deep-sea technology development to become an important landmark.

In this expedition during the "Ocean VI" also successfully launched the " Pacific - Guangzhou," marine science classroom activities . Via satellite connection to Guangzhou nearly a hundred students were taught real knowledge of marine science , ocean knowledge in the popularization made ​​a new attempt.

Reporters learned that the "Ocean VI" boat is designed by our own , self- build the first one with the international advanced level of gas hydrate comprehensive survey ship , is currently the world's a more complete configuration of comprehensive geological Earth physical survey ship .


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