Near-infrared light accounts for about 46% of the solar spectrum. In many countries, building energy consumption accounts for about 30-40% of national energy consumption, while energy consumed through glass doors and windows accounts for over 50% of building energy consumption. Building window glass energy-saving and insulation is of great significance for energy saving and emission reduction. Therefore, the development of thermal insulation coatings, especially architectural thermal insulation coatings closely related to human life, and has great practical significance.

The ethanol gas sensor can detect the ethanol content in drunk driving inspection or industrial production, So as to reduce or avoid traffic accidents or production safety accidents. In recent years, the development of ethanol sensors has become more extensive and in-depth, and the ethanol sensing characteristics of tungsten oxide have received extensive attention from researchers.

Electrochromism refers to the phenomenon that displayed by some materials of reversibly changing color under the action of an applied electric field. Electrochromic device only needs a small voltage (about 2V) to work, and the original color or fading state can be maintained in the open circuit, so the energy consumption is less.