Gradient Cemented Carbides

Gradient cemented carbides allow tailoring important properties such as stiffness and toughness in a single hardmetal component in different areas such as skin and core. Established gradients in the cemented carbide industry are the so-called γ-phase-free gradients for metal cutting applications and macro-gradients for rock tools applications . However R&D publications on development of γ-phase-free gradients in cemented carbides have become fewer over the last decade. A reasonable explanation is the increased focus on the development of novel CVD and PVD coatings for machining applications, especially relating to coating composition, nanostructure, adjustment of texture, residual stress, post treatment processes and bonding between layers and layer to substrates and more.

Computational thermodynamics has been successfully applied to model the kinetics of gradient formation in both Co-based cemented carbides. Good agreement between experiment and simulation regarding layer thickness, phase fraction distribution and element profiles was obtained on DICTRA modelling of gradient formation kinetics considering that all diffusion occurred in the liquid binder phase of a dispersed system model for example in Ni-based cemented carbides.

Nitridation of cemented carbides and cermets has once again been resurrected by various research schools in order to generate gradients that show superior wear properties in metal machining.


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