Following Korea discovered a huge burst of rare earth resources , the Japanese submarine in the Pacific recently found a large number of rare earth resources. Rare earth resources in the international market increasingly valuable today, South Korea, Japan have burst out, " newly discovered " message will be how it affects the international markets ? In this regard , the reporter interviewed the Voice of China observer, Wang Jian .

Reporter : tell us about South Korea and Japan have found rare earth mine in the end how much size ?

Wang Jian : This time, in fact, South Korea and Japan, in fact, rare earth ore discovered resources are great. June 29 , South Korean media reported that the country found a roughly 147,000 tons of rare earth mines , South Korea with about 30 million tons a year , from this point of view can be used about 50 years figure - If the annual use number remains unchanged . The situation in Japan is very similar , Japan is also a large rare earth mine, the amount of Japanese international use of rare earth in the first row . Japan's domestic production of rare earth , so a number of research institutions , University of Tokyo , Japan on the investigation of the Pacific seabed about 80 sites about the number of rare earth minerals , and finally displayed in the southeast Pacific , including the Hawaiian Islands 3500-6000 meters deep in some areas there is a lot of this place rare earth , recoverable amount is about 800 times the land of rare earth reserves . The researchers made ​​an analysis, two kilometers square rare earth mud stasis , content consumption is equivalent to one or two years in Japan , it is a big a bonanza . This is the world's first confirmed in the seabed has a large number of rare earth resources exploitation value .

Reporter : This time South Korea from Japan , and they found that for the international market this big international rare earth market will have any impact?

Wang Jian : We all know that earth is a strategic resource . Chinese rare earth production capacity more than 95% of global production , and China is now reduced production of rare earth news Japan have also been critical of - of course, we are also in order to protect the environment, because a large number of rare earth mining destroyed landscape environment . But this time there are a few situations we must look : First , marine exploitation of rare earth resources, although discovered in the seabed , but no precedent , such a large deposit was discovered to have mined to be used do not know how many years . Second, the development of rare earth almost all high seas waters there , how the resources of the high seas with this have not said how . Third, the development of seafloor mud stasis on the marine resources of the seabed damage to the environment is great, if you do not solve the problem of mining will not be rashly . See these points , we understand that this is actually very large mineral deposits is a good thing for humans , but for Japan and South Korea in terms of only one effect: in the rare earth pricing negotiations so that they have a little more or less right to speak , nothing more .


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Rare is the advantage of strategic mineral resources in national defense security and economic development play an irreplaceable role . Global rare earth rich in resources, but the distribution is uneven , mainly in China , Russia , the United States and other countries. China is now the largest producer and exporter , forming a Chinese -led international supply of rare earth pattern.

However, over the years, resulting in a waste of resources disorderly exploitation and environmental pollution, based on this , the Ministry of Industry and Information portions of rare earth mining and production management, and total control of the implementation of mandatory production plan management ; On the export side , the Commerce Department also implemented export quotas, export taxes and other control policy. Meanwhile, the earth as a non-renewable resources, with exhaustible , with the deepening of exploitation , showing growth of its production peak and decline of the life cycle , according to the Generalized Weng model for rare earth production peak and forecast future trends ( "the world rare earth production , trade and supply and demand trends of " Task Force , 2013 ) , China's rare earth production gradually usher in peak production , mixed with fluorocarbon rare Earth production has peaked , the future will show a downward trend in the global supply of rare earth supply will be converted to supply the domestic-based ; ionic rare earth production is expected to peak in 2021 , before this, will continue to supply domestic and foreign .

Mixed rare earth ore and Bastnaesite will mainly supply the domestic rare earth mine

Mixed rare earth minerals including fluorocarbon containing cerium and light rare earth mixed monazite ore . China Inner Mongolia Bayan Obo mine is the largest mixed rare earth ore . Bastnaesite rare earth ore are mainly distributed in Sichuan, Shandong and other places. Since 2001, Shandong stopped Bastnaesite production , recent Bastnaesite production is mainly dependent on Sichuan . As LREE mainly used in batteries , catalysts, magnets and other fields, as automobile production and consumption in Japan , the United States , is the major importer of light rare earths . The amount of mixed rare earth minerals from the 1990s to 2007, showing an overall growth trend, and after 2007 are subject to policy and market impact is gradually decreased .

Bastnaesite volume and mixed mineral ore general trend is similar, but in 2006, countries began to eliminate Luancai rare earth mine in Sichuan Bastnaesite a large consolidation , resulting in 2006 to 2009 there is volatility. Major foreign resources in the country such as the U.S. , Australia and other countries began to restart or start a new rare earth mining projects to meet the development needs of national defense and industrial . The most typical is the United States MountainPass mine . United States in the 1940s to the mid-1980s through the supply of a large number of rare earth ore to MountainPass rest of the world . However, in the 1990s , China's rare earth production increased significantly , and by low prices in the international market for rare earths occupy an important position . American MountainPass Mining in 2002 to stop mining . 2008 , MolycorpInc. Purchased MountainPass, since 2012 since the end of the mine has been producing at full capacity , after 2015 the annual output will reach 40,000 tons . Other light rare earth mining project also includes the United States BearLodge, BokanMountain rare earth ore , Australia MountWeld rare earth ore and so on. These rare earth mining project start will gradually weaken the light rare earths in the international market, China 's leading role in the future of China's light rare earth supply will be mainly used to meet domestic demand. As foreign demand on China to gradually reduce the light rare earths , 2020, hybrid, and fluorocarbon cerium rare earth mine production will drop to 42,000 tons , respectively , and 1.7 million tons.

Ionic rare earth mine in the short term will continue to supply domestic

If ionic heavy rare earth mine , its economic value is the rare earth resources in the highest. The world's largest rare earth mine in China ionic southern Jiangxi and Guangdong, Jiangxi , Hunan and Fujian and other areas , mainly grown in southern Jiangxi Xunwu and dragons . South China ionic species and distribution of rare earth resources in the form are unmatched by other countries , which also led to the foreign supply of heavy rare earth completely dependent on China 's situation. Mainly used in heavy rare earth luminescent materials , magnets , ceramic alloys and other fields. The amount of ionic rare earth minerals in 2000 showed a rapid development trend of the future , although the total amount subject to state control and mandatory production plan management policies, in 2006 and in 2007 reached a peak after showing some decline , but has now known foreign new Kai rare earth mine project , the future of international heavy rare earth supply will still be dependent on the country . New foreign Kai rare earth mine project , only the United States BokanMountain, Russia Tomtor, Australia DubboZirconia production of some heavy rare earth elements such as yttrium , but production are very small . Estimated amount of ionic rare earth minerals will peak in 2021 , the peak output will reach 50,000 tons .


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According to the monitoring , the recent rare earth prices fell slightly , which is currently the mainstream market price of neodymium oxide 340,000-350,000 yuan / ton, down 5,000 yuan / ton ; dysprosium mainstream price hovering at 1,900-2,100 yuan / kg, and last down 50 yuan / ton. Other rare earth prices are not very good at this week's performance , turnover also relatively light . For October more depressed price of rare earth market , many traders wondering Rare earth prices can usher in the fourth quarter rebound, rare earth market could pick up signs in the winter .

I believe that in the fourth quarter will have four factors determine rare earth prices.

Factor 1 : Ministry of Industry and other ministries jointly against illegal , illegal production of rare earth acts launched a three -month rectification action . In early August the Ministry of Industry on the rare earth industry to be completely overhauled , beginning from August 15 to November 15 to . The rare earth industry consolidation was to become the longest history of rectification. Although rectification action has been the past two months , but the first two months of rare earth prices did not appear significant rally, rally only intermittently , but the turnover is still light . However, consolidation is expected in November after the publication of the results , for the rare earth market have a greater good, rare earth prices will rally is still very possible .

Two factors : Rare purchasing and storage may be before the end of October or cashed . This year the government level rare earth Shouchu news has yet to launch in the first half only Baotou Steel Rare Earth in order to stabilize market prices, through the corporate purchasing and storage in the form of purchasing and storage of small amounts of rare earths. The recent government level Shouchu continue to spread the message , and purchasing and storage amount may be as high as ten billion yuan . This message can be said, whether for large or small rare earth rare earth enterprises traders who are looking forward to an exciting and special . Then start purchasing and storage of rare earth , rare earth shot traders will wait for a higher price , then the price will be a rare rally . According to the Society of Rare Earths experts, purchasing and storage of rare earth fastest possible implementation of this month , the news has not been officially confirmed , but relatively optimistic about the Baotou Rare Earth , Minmetals Rare Earth , the color of shares and Ganzhou Rare Earth Group and other companies have also expressed Shouchu not received notification .

Three factors : the integration program will be introduced by the end of rare earth . Su Bo , vice minister of the Ministry to participate in the Davos Forum in Dalian had revealed that the domestic rare earth industry consolidation is rapidly advancing , is expected before the end of a large group of rare earth integration scheme will be introduced , the rare earth in spring 2014 at the earliest integration carried out . Rare large group promoting China's rare earth industry consolidation is healthy and stable development of the important part is the most difficult part. Integrate opinions from last May has been proposed , progress has been slow , but WTO on China's rare earth export policy litigation ruling at the end will be the results, in order to safeguard China's rare earth industry's healthy development and strategic resource interests , the Ministry is stepping up its launch specific programs , coordination good local businesses and the central rate of interest. Rare large group programs and the introduction of integrated solutions , it will accelerate the construction of China's rare earth industry standards development and healthy development plays an important role . On the adjustment of supply and demand of rare earth market is also important for the long run positive effect of rare earth prices is relatively large.

Four factors : Europe Day for Chinese rare earth export policy decisions will be by the end of the WTO litigation results . Domestic rare earth industry experts generally believe that our winning percentage is very small in the proceedings , if the lawsuit fails, our country's rare earth export quota policy and the tax rate will be modified or even canceled , which for the development of China's rare earth industry is extremely unfavorable . To deal with this situation, the Government is actively promoting China's rare earth industry standard operation , I believe that was the end of the recent addition to the Ministry of Industry to accelerate the integration of rare earth industry , will also introduce other relevant norms and promoting policies . This long-term development of the market for rare earths is also beneficial .

However, rare earth prices continued to decline and the resulting downturn reasons or lack of demand , overcapacity and other rare earth market . Short-term oversupply of rare earth market is difficult to change , but it is difficult to balance the number of purchasing and storage of this pattern, so the short-term price trend is still rare earth policy level messages about the long term development of rare earth industry or regulate , control and supply of rare earth production capacity , thereby ensuring the rare earth prices at a reasonable location, maintenance companies and the national interest.


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According to reports, the new rare earth mine development is gradually stop. Since 2010 to 2011 the price surge, Japan and other countries to reduce demand . The prices has led to the development of business and government willingness to cool. In addition, the slow recovery in demand also have a negative impact .

According to experts, in 2012 the global production of rare earth ( calculated as oxide ) was 118,900 tons , and in 2011 was essentially flat. Compared to recent record highs in 2010 decreased by 10 % or more, still in the start of the year after weak growth state. In addition to the implementation of China cut , the new mines outside of China plan was postponed. Toyota Tsusho plans to join hands to promote local businesses in eastern India, rare earth co-production business. Originally planned since 2012, use of the service provided annually 3,000 ~ 4,000 tons of rare earth , but is not yet fully available . The company also admitted that " delayed delivery is a foregone conclusion ." Development of rare earth thermal cooling , in large part because of reduced demand in Japan .


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Tungsten is a kind of widely used welding, plasma welding, spraying, cutting technology and metallurgical industry, the key heat source material. Currently, the world's annual total consumption of tungsten electrodes can reach thousands of tons, the market demand has been in a growth state. Thorium tungsten electrode occupy even still great, but thorium is a radioactive element to human health and the environment caused serious harm. Developed countries in the world looking for new environmentally healthy green tungsten electrodes. Replace Figure tungsten electrodes work gradually unfolded, new materials have been born, so there cerium tungsten electrode, lanthanum tungsten electrodes. However, multi-composite rare earth tungsten electrode this electrode can achieve low emissions, no pollution, environmental pollution can be replaced entirely serious thorium tungsten electrode. Really achieve environmental requirements.

Tungsten electrode welding industry is inseparable from the material, and with the development of technology, the tungsten electrode product range has also been a very wide range of development. Thorium tungsten electrode, cerium tungsten electrode, lanthanum tungsten, rare earth tungsten electrodes, etc., have been very good application. With this environmentally friendly green energy topic unfolds, but also to environmental tungsten electrodes future direction of development, and also fast.

Is now widely used rare earth tungsten and molybdenum electrical products and efficient, low energy equipment, tungsten electrode product development and production technology in the peer has always been a leader. Recently scientists focuses on the non-radioactive tungsten electrode preparation of rare earth complex multivariate techniques. Through the non-radioactive rare earth tungsten electrode preparation multiple composite technology research, manufacturing a variety of specifications, a variety of uses of rare earths - tungsten electrode materials, will achieve the environmental protection of rare earth tungsten product development and promotion of large-scale applications, and further enhance our tungsten electrode preparation level, to achieve the rapid appreciation of the tungsten electrode production. Of both rich tungsten resources, but also rich in rare earth resources (accounting for 80% of the world total), if according to the different nature of the base metal welding, specifications, shapes and different welding process requirements, continue to develop the different welding tungsten electrode material, relying on our resources, the formation of tungsten products, China's tungsten industry will have greater prospects for the industry, the broader market potential.


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Tungsten inert gas is widely used in welding, plasma welding , cutting and thermal spraying and other areas of the national economy and national defense irreplaceable key functional materials . Currently using more thorium tungsten electrode mainly thorium tungsten electrode containing radioactive thorium , its production and use will cause environmental pollution, hazards to human health , the U.S. , the EU's relevant manufacturers are moving away from thorium tungsten material production or shift production to developing countries , China's long-standing for substitution of tungsten thorium research work , has developed a cerium tungsten, lanthanum tungsten electrodes and other recently developed multi-composite rare earth tungsten electrodes , a small -scale pilot study integrated welding performance meets and exceeds the same specifications of thorium tungsten electrode , to carry out such electrodes industrialization of key technology research is particularly urgent.

The first time in the international multi- composite rare earth tungsten electrodes for industrial production and global markets. Specific innovation :

1 Proprietary component designs.

2 Breakthrough industrial production technical difficulties .

3 Successfully replaced thorium tungsten electrode tungsten electrodes to achieve cleaner production and environmentally friendly.

After several tests topics , breaking multiple composite rare earth tungsten electrodes industrialization of key technologies, integrated yield reached more than 75% , to achieve stable production of the product . Specific technical innovation manifested in :

1 ) Cancel the calcined APT liquid - solid doping . Not only reduces the cost of production and to achieve a uniform doping .

2 ) Large temperature gradient reduction . Regulation of particle size reduction can be achieved .

3 ) Low current vertical melt sintering . That save energy , reduce costs but also reduce the burning .

4 ) Plastic deformation processing of new technologies. Improve the overall product yield.

Currently electrode manufacturing enterprises to use the technology to produce a hundred batches electrodes integrated product yield stable , both in 75% , stable production . The Multiple batch of rare earth tungsten electrodes are already exported to Europe, Japan, Korea and other countries , the domestic market and U.S. , Japan, Korea and other countries, the market is expanding. Through the typical user product performance surveys , users generally reflect multiple composite rare earth tungsten electrodes integrated welding performance is better than thorium tungsten electrode for welding a variety of base materials , good adaptability . Given that the products of excellent welding performance , has been applied to the " Shenzhou" spacecraft welding .


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China's "multiple composite rare earth tungsten electrodes and preparation technology" results recently passed expert appraisal. The study by Beijing Click here for more weather forecasts for cities of Beijing and the Beijing Industrial University of Mining and Metallurgy Research Institute Beijing Tungsten Molybdenum Material Factory co-developed multi-composite rare earth tungsten electrodes series of new products, manufacturing process and equipment, and industrial testing equipment, such as full technology, comprehensive performance is better than radioactive thorium tungsten electrode to solve China's relevant materials industry is a major technical problems.

Tungsten is a kind of widely used welding, plasma welding, spraying, cutting technology and metallurgical industry in the critical heat source material, tungsten electrodes used worldwide each year the total consumption over 1600 tons. But currently using tungsten electrodes that there is still more than 70% of radioactive contamination thoriated tungsten electrodes, seriously polluting the environment and endanger human health. "Multiple composite rare earth tungsten electrodes and preparation technology" project independently developed a diverse composite rare earth tungsten electrode material, not only integrated performance, but because they do not use radioactive elements thorium, to achieve a non-radioactive contamination in the field of green production and be used.

Chen Yunbo other three by the Academy of Sciences, 863 new materials technology special functional materials such as technical subject matter expert Chow head 13 experts appraisal committee believes that the project overall technology has reached the international advanced level. Project main features and innovations embodied in the establishment of a composite rare earth tungsten electrode burning model, explaining the electrodes wear mechanism reveals multiple composite rare synergy mechanism, proposed the use of rare earth complex synergistic composition design principles, invented the integrated welding performance is better than the existing multi-thoriated tungsten electrode composite rare earth tungsten electrodes; proven rare earth tungsten electrodes multivariate powder metallurgy and plastic processing and other preparation processes were investigated to develop a diversified preparation of rare earth doped tungsten electrodes directly APT complex, large temperature gradient reduction, low current vertical melt sintering technology, the formation of rare earth tungsten electrodes for industrial production processes; integrated innovation developed production line key equipment, to achieve efficient production and process quality control, industrial production yield than the current thorium Tungsten 5% higher than the class-leading levels of materials processing, and the establishment of domestic rare earth's first multi-composite tungsten electrode production lines with annual production capacity of 120 tons.


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June 29 , multi-composite and preparation of rare earth tungsten electrodes through the identification technology in Beijing , China Academy of Engineering left Tieyong , China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association vice president Niu due Jian, China Tungsten Industry Association president Zhou Juqiu other leaders and experts attended the appraisal. Tungsten is a kind of widely used welding, plasma welding, spraying, cutting technology and metallurgical industry in the critical heat source materials used annually worldwide total consumption of tungsten electrodes has reached 1,600 tons ( the highest melting point of tungsten metal fuel arc volatilization ) , development of market demand as the economy is still growing steadily.

However, currently used in over 70% of the tungsten electrode is still contaminated with radioactive thorium tungsten electrode , serious pollution of the environment and harm to human health , workers in countries around the world working to develop alternative materials , but has not been fully replace thoriated tungsten electrodes industrial products . The project bears the national " 973", " 863 " and other topics to explore in the long-term accumulation of Beijing University of Technology , based on research cooperation, independently developed a comprehensive multi -performance composite rare earth tungsten electrode material and preparation techniques , in Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Beijing tungsten & Molybdenum material Factory achieve the industrialization of the product by the National welding Material quality supervision and Inspection Center and users prove than the current element thorium tungsten and rare earth tungsten electrodes superior performance to meet the industry standards and requirements . Project research breakthrough material composition , manufacturing process and equipment, and testing equipment and other core technologies , the formation of 15 patented technologies and production technology standard system. Currently , the new multi- rare earth tungsten electrode tungsten and molybdenum products in the Beijing plant material to achieve a stable mass production and large-scale industry in the global market , applied to industry, agriculture , national defense and other fields. Since 2004, the sales revenue of 130 million yuan has been obtained obvious economic and social benefits.

Thorium tungsten electrode with current technology compared to the composition of the product design , manufacturing process , technical performance and environmental impact , etc. are prominent innovations and significant progress , the overall technological level of similar products abroad have been better . The full range of products with independent intellectual property rights successfully replaced radioactive tungsten electrodes , truly low-emission in the field , the development of non-polluting , can be applied to the field of TIG and plasma technologies in a variety of steel and non-ferrous metals , aluminum, copper , titanium such as welding , cutting, painting , smelting , involving a wide range of civilian and military industries ; industrialization of the project after the Beijing material industry to solve a major technical problems, improve China tungsten processing industry 's international competitiveness , and promote the technological progress and industrial structure optimization and upgrading .


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Multiple composite rare earth tungsten electrodes swaging string playing equipment and technology invention uses string playing devices relative position of each device is as follows : The first furnace 1 is the tube length of 1m molybdenum wire furnace, the first furnace and the first rotary swaging machine 2 the distance between 15cm ( 15cm i.e. the gap between the two ) , the first guide roller 3 and the first rotary forging machine 2 and the distance between the second heating furnace 4 are 10cm, the second furnace is tube length of 0.7m molybdenum wire tube furnace , and the second rotary forging machine 5 and the second distance between the heating furnace 4 15cm, and the second guide roller and the distance between 10cm.

B203 selected will pass the billet forging Φ6.5 boron oxide into two-string playing machine for processing, billet composition: percentage by weight , of rare earth oxide content of 0.44% lanthanum oxide , yttrium oxide, 1.32% , 0.44% cerium oxide , the balance being tungsten, the first of the first heating furnace 1, the second heating furnace 4 heated to 1450 ℃, the billet feed speed is controlled 3m/min, the first step of setting a first rotary hammer machine 2 and the second rotary hammer machine 5 with mold system as the Φ6.0, Φ5.6, the first guide roller 3 speed 2.9m/min, the second guide roller 6 speed is set to 3.4m/min, after the first processing procedures , will be placed with billet molding system as the Φ5.2, Φ4.8 string play equipment for the second processing procedures , the first and second heating furnace 4 furnace a temperature set at : 1400 ℃ the first guide roller 3 speed 2.9m/min, the second guide roller 6 speed is set to : 3.4m/min; billet into the match after molding system as : Φ4.4, Φ4.1 third said processing step , the first 1 and the second heating furnace 4 furnace temperature was set at 1400 ℃, the first guide roller 3 speed of 3.0m/min, the second guide roller 6 is set to speed : 3.4m/min ; three step is completed , began to enter the B201 stage in the B201 stage tungsten processed through two processes , the first process with mold system as : Φ3.9, Φ3.6, first and second heating furnace 1 furnace temperature to 4 : 1350 ℃ first guide roller 3 speed of 2.8m/min, the second guide roller 6 temperature to 3.2m/min. Second step with mold system as the Φ3.3, Φ3.0, first and second furnace furnace a temperature set at 4 : 1350 ℃ first guide roller 3 speed 3.0m/min, the second conductive material roller 6 speed is set to : 3.6m/min, a variety of specifications available Φ6-Φ3 rare earth tungsten electrode material .


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Today, rare earth market weakness steady, the market demand for light , few inquiries . Recently purchased less because some loose oxides and metal prices down in the short term is likely to continue downward.

Currently gadolinium products market , less turnover , inquiries are not active, Baotou manufacturers that now gadolinium oxide with ticket prices have been at 185,000 yuan / ton, gadolinium- iron with a ticket price of 195,000 yuan / ton, compared with 9 prices were already obvious downside , there are no signs of demand against warm , afternoon , or continue to shock .

Yttria market , prices were unchanged in recent days , traders quoted in the 7.5-7.8 yuan / ton or so , the price is slightly down slightly from last week . Recent yttrium oxide, samarium and other less attention , samarium oxide have less purchasing inquiries , insiders reflect recent orders basically no samarium oxide , have less purchasing, market price of about 22,000 yuan / ton.

Due to the recent light rare earth market , praseodymium neodymium , dysprosium or related products market weakness , the downstream magnetic scrap market was also affected, today part of the magnetic electric car scrap recyclers price continued to fall by 1 yuan / kg, according to a recycling factory disclosed, bad bad market quotations are not willing receiving strong magnetic late scrap prices may continue to fall.


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