A typical tungsten alloy EFP (explosively formed penetrators) warhead mainly consists of shaped charge liners, high explosive, shells and initiation system. The shaped charge liners and explosive component are usually fixed by pressure screw.

When the tungsten alloy EFP exploding, the shaped charge liners squeeze, roll over and stretch into penetrators whose shape is expected and speed up to 2000m/s under the effect of Chapman-Jouguet pressure. It can damage efficiently to armor target in the range of charge diameter whose bursting height is more than 1000 times. The maximum depth of penetration can reach more than one time charge diameter. So it is possible to attack the weakest top of armor vehicle from far (long) distance.


Tungsten Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.chinatungsten.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten Picture Center: http://picture.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten Video Center: http://v.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com

 

Tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) are ideally suited to a wide range of density applications, offering a density approaching that of pure tungsten but without the very costly processing and inherent size and shape limitations of the former.  WHAs are produced by a powder metallurgy (P/M) technique known as liquid phase sintering (LPS), in which completely dense, fully alloyed parts are formed from pressed metal powders at a temperature less than half the melting point of pure tungsten.   While sintered steel and copper alloy parts commonly contain significant residual porosity that may require polymeric infiltrants to seal, sintered WHAs have a nonporous surface.

WHA parts are manufactured from very fine, high purity metal powders – typically tungsten, nickel, and iron.  The blended metal powder is compacted under high pressure (up to 30 ksi) to form a specific shape that is very close to the geometry of the final part.  By utilizing this near net shape forming approach, economy is realized by the elimination of excess material and the time and energy necessary to remove unwanted stock from mill shapes.  Pressed parts are then subjected to high temperature sintering in hydrogen.  As the parts are slowly heated, the hydrogen reduces metal oxides present and provides a clean, active surface on each of the very small metal particles.  As temperature increases further, chemical diffusion takes place between particles.  Neck growth occurs between particles, and surface energy drives pore elimination and part densification.  The pressed part shrinks uniformly, with about 20% linear shrinkage (equating to approximately 50% volumetric shrinkage) being typical.  Once the temperature is sufficiently high to form the liquid phase, any remaining densification occurs very quickly as the alloy assumes a "spheroidized" microstructure by a mechanism know as Ostwald Ripening.  The sintered structure of a common commercial WHA is two-phase, consisting of a linked network of tungsten spheroids contained in the ductile matrix phase.


Tungsten Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.chinatungsten.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten Picture Center: http://picture.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten Video Center: http://v.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
 

WHAs (tungsten heavy alloys) provide a unique combination of density, mechanical strength, machinability, corrosion resistance, and economy. Consequently, WHAs are widely used for counterweights, inertial masses, radiation shielding, sporting goods, and ordnance products.  These versatile materials provide distinct advantages when compared to alternate high density materials, as seen in the table below.

As can be seen from these data, WHA overcomes the toxicity, deformability, and inferior density of lead and its alloys.  Likewise, it can provide equivalent density to depleted uranium (DU) but without the special machining considerations (necessary due to its pyrophoricity) and licensing requirements for a radioactive substance.  WHA is truly the material of choice for high density applications.  These unique alloys provide the designer with many new freedoms.

There is one special category of density applications in which WHAs should not be used.  For applications in which the service temperature will exceed ~300°C, slight surface oxidation will occur in air.  It is important to note that at service temperatures exceeding ~500°C, WHA strength will fall off rapidly even in a protective atmosphere.  For these special cases, pure tungsten may provide a better option.  If reactive atmospheres are present in combination with elevated temperature, the best choice for very dense materials will be the platinum group metals – but at extremely high cost.


Tungsten Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.chinatungsten.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten Picture Center: http://picture.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten Video Center: http://v.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
 

The name "tungsten" is derived from the Swedish term meaning "heavy stone".  Tungsten has been assigned the chemical symbol W after its German name wolfram.  While sometimes regarded as a scarce or exotic metal, its abundance in nature is actually about the same as that of copper.  The largest known tungsten reserves are in mainland China, though plentiful reserves also exist in North America.

Tungsten has the highest melting point (3410°C or 6170°F) of all metals.  The extremely high melting point of pure tungsten makes all the common manufacturing techniques used for metals such as iron impractical.  Specialized methods make possible the processing of pure tungsten into rod, sheet, and wire for a wide variety of high temperature applications including incandescent lamp wire, TIG welding electrodes, and high temperature heat shielding.

Another important industrial property of tungsten is its high density of 19.3 g/cc (0.70 lbs/in³).  In addition to high gravimetric density, its high radiographic density makes it an ideal material for shielding or collimating energetic x- and g-radiation.  For such applications, tungsten is commonly alloyed in order to circumvent the extremely high processing temperatures that would otherwise be required to melt and cast the pure metal. 


Tungsten Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.chinatungsten.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tungsten Picture Center: http://picture.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten Video Center: http://v.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com