The surface energy of barium tungsten electrode is affected by many factors such as intrinsic properties of the material (such as barium content, crystal structure), surface state (roughness, oxide layer), environmental conditions (temperature, vacuum degree) and preparation process (heat treatment, surface modification). In practical applications, optimizing these influencing factors can improve the electron emission performance and stability of the electrode.

As a typical product of the transition metal molybdenum, a molybdenum boat, also known as an evaporation molybdenum boat or coating molybdenum boat, is made from molybdenum sheets or molybdenum-based alloys through welding or high-temperature stamping. It serves as a critical sintering carrier for molybdenum powder and other metal powders, with its English name being "molybdenum boat".

As a key component made from the transition metal molybdenum (with purity exceeding 99.95%), a molybdenum electrode—known as "molybdenum electrode" in English—shares physicochemical properties highly similar to pure molybdenum. Its typical diameter ranges from 20 mm to 152.4 mm, and its length can extend up to 1,500 mm. Notably, a molybdenum electrode differs significantly from a tungsten electrode in both shape and application.

Molybdenum copper sheet is a composite material made from metallic molybdenum (Mo) and copper (Cu) through powder metallurgy or infiltration processes. Due to its excellent thermal, electrical, and chemical properties, it is widely used in many fields: in electronics for chip packaging substrates, power device heat sinks, and microwave device heat dissipaters; in aerospace for high-temperature components of spacecraft and satellite communication antenna substrates; and also in medical equipment as heat dissipation parts for superconducting magnets.

Molybdenum copper sheet is an alloy material mainly composed of metallic molybdenum (Mo) and copper (Cu). It is formed through powder metallurgy, infiltration, and other processes to create a functional material with synergistic properties. Its microstructure typically shows a uniform distribution of molybdenum and copper phases or a composite form where copper fills the molybdenum skeleton. From a materials science perspective, molybdenum copper sheet combines the high melting point and low thermal expansion coefficient of molybdenum with the high thermal and electrical conductivity of copper. By adjusting the composition ratio and manufacturing process, the performance can be tailored to meet special requirements in different fields.

Ammonium metatungstate powder (molecular formula H₂₈N₆O₄₁W₁₂, AMT), as a key intermediate in tungsten chemical industry, exhibits a white appearance resulting from the combined effects of its molecular structure, electronic transition characteristics, and crystal physical morphology.

Although both ammonium metatungstate (AMT) and ammonium heptamolybdate (AHM) are important transition metal compounds with wide applications in the chemical industry, they differ in terms of chemical composition, molecular structure, physical and chemical properties, production technologies, and specific applications.

Ammonium metatungstate (AMT) and ammonium paratungstate (APT) are both important tungsten compounds, classified as ammonium salts of tungsten. They contain tungsten (W), nitrogen (N), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O), and are commonly used in the preparation of downstream products such as tungsten trioxide and tungsten powder. However, they differ in chemical composition, physicochemical properties, production processes, and applications.

The purity of Ammonium Metatungstate is typically categorized based on the application scenario:

Chemical activity refers to the ease with which a substance undergoes a chemical reaction. Ammonium metatungstate (AMT) exhibits chemical activity primarily through its decomposition and transformation behavior under acidic conditions and thermal treatment. As a precursor to tungsten compounds, AMT plays a vital role in industrial applications and chemical synthesis.