Aluminium was once more costly than gold. Napoleon III, emperor of France, reserved cutlery made from it for his most favoured guests, and the Washington monument, in America’s capital, was capped with it not because the builders were cheapskates but because they wanted to show off. How times change. And in aluminium’s case they changed because, in the late 1880s, Charles Hall and Paul Héroult worked out how to separate the stuff from its oxide using electricity rather than chemical reducing agents. Now, a small British firm, hope to do much the same with tantalum, titanium and a host of other recherché and expensive metallic elements including neodymium, tungsten and vanadium.

The effect could be profound. Tantalum is an ingredient of the best electronic capacitors. At the moment it is so expensive ($500-2,000 a kilogram) that it is worth using only in things where size and weight matter a lot, such as mobile phones. Drop that price and it could be deployed more widely. Neodymium is used in the magnets of motors in electric cars. Vanadium and tungsten give strength to steel, but at great expense. And the strength, lightness, high melting point and ability to resist corrosion of titanium make it an ideal material for building aircraft parts, supercars and medical implants—but it can cost 50 times as much as steel. Guppy Dhariwal, Metalysis’s boss, thinks however that the company can make titanium powder (the product of its new process) for less than a tenth of such powder’s current price.

The difference between its process and that of Hall and Héroult (and why electrolysis has not previously been used to make metals such as tantalum and titanium) is that the Hall-Héroult method requires both input oxide and output metal to be in liquid form. That demands heat. But aluminium has a fairly low melting point and its oxide can be dissolved in a substance called cryolite that also has a low melting point, so the amount of heat needed is manageable. Titanium and tantalum are not so obliging. The company trick is to do the electrolysis on powdered oxides directly, without melting them.

This was shown to be possible in 1997 when researchers at Cambridge University found that immersing small samples of certain oxides in baths of molten salt and passing a current through them transformed the material directly into metal. Metalysis was set up in 2001 to commercialise the idea and in 2005 the firm moved to Wath-upon-Dearne, a village near Sheffield, in South Yorkshire, in order to tap the local engineering skills that once made the county (home of silver plate, stainless steel and the Bessemer converter) the California of metallurgy. These skills turned a technique that could produce a few grams of metal in a laboratory into a process that operates on an industrial scale.

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2% lanthanated tungsten electrodes carry more amperage than the rest and they ball evenly on alternating current. Not all tungsten electrodes ball evenly and not all of them can handle the amperage.

With all the different types of tungsten electrodes available, like pure tungsten, ceriated, lanthanated, thoriated, and zirconiated and rare earth types, what is the best tungsten to use?

That's a big question....but

    If you are interested in an all purpose tungsten electrode that can be used for steels as well as aluminum and magnesium,...
    If you are looking for an electrode that carries more amperage than all the rest so that you can use a smaller diameter electrode...
    If you are interested in an electrode that does not give off radioactive dust when sharpened...

Then 2% lanthanated tungsten are the clear choice

    Pure tungsten balls up at relatively low amperage and often requires using one size larger electrode than others.
    1.5% lanthanated is supposed to be comparable to 2% thoriated but our tests indicate otherwise.
    2% thoriated hold up well to high amperage but don't ball up evenly on AC...and reportedly, give off radioactive dust when ground.
    Zirconiated electrodes don't carry much more current than pure tungsten.

Unless you want a drawer full of different types of tungsten, one for every situation, just get some 2% lanthanated tungsten and call it a day.

At 200 amps on AC current and 100 hz, our tests showed that 2% lanth electrodes performed better than all the rest.

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If you are getting married soon and want to buy a wedding ring that is as elegant as gold and platinum, but do not have the budget for expensive rings; what is your alternative to expensive wedding rings without sacrificing quality? The answer is tungsten wedding bands, which are wedding rings made from the most durable metal used in the jewelry industry today, tungsten carbide.

Tungsten carbide wedding bands have a slightly grayish metallic hue that men love. Its polish stays flawless for years and years, unlike gold, platinum or even titanium. How can a metal that with so many advantages cost so much less? This is because the raw materials used to make tungsten wedding bands are not at all time high prices, like gold is, for example. The value of jewelry is based on the cost of the metal used to make the ring and the cost of labor that is required to make the ring. In the case of tungsten rings, the cost is mainly the cost of craftsmanship. Be careful not to purchase tungsten rings that are priced too cheaply (usually less than $100.00) because this is usually an indication of low quality.

Tungsten carbide wedding bands have the same or even superior features of traditional metals used for wedding rings. As stated earlier, they possess the qualities of being very hard, durable and resistant to dents and scratches. You do not have to worry about allergic reactions if you have sensitive skin because tungsten carbide is hypoallergenic, just like platinum. White Gold on the other hand, is not hypoallergenic because it contains a high amount of nickel. Also, tungsten also does not lose its color like white gold does after a short time of wear.

Tungsten Wedding Bands: Important Features

The most important feature of tungsten carbide wedding bands is the permanent polished look of the rings. A tungsten carbide ring never needs to be re-polished, even years or decades after you own it, which means you never have to spend any money on re-polishing of your ring, as is the case with precious metal rings. To provide additional peace of mind and value to our customers, Larson Jewelers offers a lifetime guarantee on all tungsten rings we carry. This means if anything should happen to the ring, whether it is your fault or not, we will replace it free of charge. Even if your finger size changes during the course of your lifetime, we will replace your ring with a new size. While some other retailers do provide a lifetime warranty, they do not provide a free lifetime warranty. This shows a lack of confidence in the rings that they carry.

The superior features of the tungsten carbide wedding bands mean that you do not have to take them off if you engage in sports, manual labor, or other activities that could damage rings made of traditional metals, which you have to take off to prevent any damage. Rest assured you can enjoy your favorite physical activities and wear it to work without worrying about any noticeable damage to your carbide wedding ring.

These days, people are looking for elegance, affordability and durability when shopping for a wedding band. In other words, value is what people are looking for in a wedding band. Tungsten wedding bands offer exactly that. This is why in only a few short years, tungsten wedding rings have become one of the most popular types of wedding rings on the market today.

 

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In one of my recent articles, Tungsten rings are fast becoming a fashion trend in recent times. Whether the rings are worn for fashion, wedding symbols or as engagement rings, these fabulous rings are sure to capture a lot of attention of those who ever laid eyes on them.

Tungsten inlay wedding bands or rings are made available in classic simple styles when they first emerged in the jewelry industry. A few years ago, the process of creating tungsten carbide rings requires some extensive technology due to the complex characteristics of the tungsten metal. Hence, fast forward a few years later, the technology has advanced significantly and has since allowed many possibilities of creating more complex tungsten ring designs. Tungsten carbide rings can now be made in simple and classic dome design to a more unique flat surface design with beveled edges. The creation of the tungsten jewelry can even be elevated to a new level of carved designs, colored rings and exquisite inlays.

Tungsten inlay rings can be as simple as utilizing metals such as silver, platinum, gold and titanium or more unique materials such as carbon fiber, resin and ceramic. It is very common to use gold and carbon fiber as inlay with these tungsten rings. These inlaid rings with precious metals or carbon fiber are both modern and chic. Yet, the precious metals show a small contrast from the tungsten metal and thus bringing out a unique blend of color.

These tungsten carbide rings inlaid with gold, carbon fiber and resin offer an exquisite yet toughness character to your ring. Carbon fiber and resin inlays are fashionable and can be made in different colors that would suit many individual tastes and characteristics. On the other hand, there are also sandblast effects that are made as an alternative to inlays. Regardless, whichever inlaid rings design is selected, they are perfect from an economical standpoint that is both durable and beautiful.

Lastly, make sure you buy the tungsten rings without cobalt as to prevent any unsightly skin reactions. Check with the seller or read their tungsten rings FAQ before making any decision.

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If you're like most guys, the idea of shopping for tungsten jewelry isn't one that gets you terribly excited, even if that jewelry is tungsten rings for men. Most guys are perfectly content with letting their fiancé or girlfriend choose a tungsten ring for them. If this describes your situation, here is some advice – don't let her! There is nothing less romantic then saying, "Sure, honey, why don't you just pick out a ring for me…" It's like saying "I don't really care about the most enduring symbol of our relationship." Think about it; taking the time to look at rings for men might actually be fun, and you should have at least some input in choosing a ring that you'll be wearing every day. If you let your fiancé choose a wedding ring for you, you may end up with something completely different from what you had envisioned.

Of course, this doesn't mean that you should just go shopping for a tungsten wedding ring on your own. There is definitely something to be said for getting a woman's point of view on rings for men. Perhaps she had always imagined that your ring would match her wedding band; or maybe she knows about a specific place to buy one that will save a lot of money. Besides, the selection of your tungsten wedding rings is a very special time and will be a memory that lasts forever.

Today, there are designer tungsten rings for men and women that allow you to personalize your choice of wedding jewelry and make it truly unique. Even if you are planning to buy a plain and simple band, no one is too busy to do this together. The choices are not quite as simple as they were a decade ago. Now, there are tungsten wedding rings for men in every imaginable metal and style. If you had pictured yourself wearing a yellow gold band like your father did; think again. Men are expressing a more contemporary outlook through their choice of wedding jewelry. Even those who set out to buy gold often choose two tone black titanium rings, tungsten rings with carbon fiber insets, and other industrial metals like cobalt and stainless steel. Even sterling silver is becoming a popular choice in tungsten wedding rings for men.

If your style is clean, elegant and sophisticated, you may want a ring that looks great yet doesn't "jump out at you". Some of the more popular plain bands for men are made from white tungsten and black titanium. They can be as simple as a polished and domed band, or as complex as a faceted or braided design.

 

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Tungsten carbide rings have become a much more popular option in years of late, some as fashion and some out of economic preference. One can usually find these rings at prices under a hundred dollars, in almost every type, while as the comparably-sized gold or silver rings would come in starting at a hundred to two hundred dollars and going up sharply from there.

There are different combinations of these tungsten carbide rings, which may include those with gold overlay. However, where the majority of the weight of the ring comes from the tungsten on the inside under the gold shell, those that have elaborate designs on the outer surface, and those that come with a variety of edge-patterns to them (flat exterior edges, for example). One of the most popular options with these rings is to have them finished in a comfort-fit inner surface where the inside edges are rounded slightly for more comfort over longer periods of time. Once you have experienced a comfort fit ring, it can be very difficult to return to the more traditional fit.

As with all rings, make sure that you know what your ring size is before ordering anything. If you are ordering online, make sure that the company you are ordering from has a well-established and generous return policy in case the ring you receive does not fit as well as you thought it might. A tungsten ring will fit in the same manner and according to the same sizes as other more traditional rings.

Once you have determined your ideal ring, research it a little further to make sure it is the right one for you. It might be useful to save some of the ring options and email them to yourself to look at the next day so that you can more-objectively look at them and make sure that it has the same appeal to you the next day. This can help you from making mistakes and ordering something on impulse that you may later regret and want to return. It is good to consider tungsten rings as a pleasing alternative to spending four to five times as much on the gold or silver-based equivalents.
 

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Tungsten rings are gaining fame as they are cheaper than gold and they are also better looking than gold. Prior to tungsten carbide rings, people used to buy gold rings for weddings, but since they got scratched easily- they lost their luster really soon and they started to look old.

Tungsten carbide is the hardest metal among all the other metals used to make jewelry, and this is why people might choose these rings for their weeding purposes. Sometimes these rings are also called permanent polish ones- because they always stay new. If you have ever tried gold or any other type of jewelry, then you would observe that it gets old and lusterless after some time. But if you get tungsten wedding bands, you will see that they appear new for much, much longer.

Another important thing of these tungsten wedding bands is that you can get them at reasonable prices. You must go for tungsten carbide if you are looking for a wedding band that looks attractive, and also affordable at the same time. Though the price of these rings increases as they use other metals or stones, but a basic tungsten ring is cheaper than a basic gold ring.

You can get several varieties in these rings- can try a sleek tungsten band or a diamond tungsten ring. Because of so many attractive features of these tungsten rings and bands, people started getting them instead of gold and platinum jewelry. So if you are looking forward to a great ring to give to your fiancé, then tungsten is the correct metal for you- it is attractive, it is durable, and it fits perfectly in your pocket. So you do not need to have second thoughts- just go and get these wedding bands to make your marriage day gift really special.

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When you're shopping for tungsten wedding bands, you should take due consideration in the style of tungsten on forever. Therefore there is no doubt tungsten represents longevity and strength of love. There are many existing quality of tungsten. Tungsten is known as one of the harder material known to man. Gold and silver lost hard as tungsten wedding bands, tungsten even almost indestructible.

Make sure it's tungsten carbide. Important things you should remember when shopping for wedding bands is tungsten metal tungsten carbide should not only tungsten. The former metal is much harder than the latter. It is the addition of carbide to the manufacturing process that makes the difference in the quality of the complete wedding band. The presence of cobalt is another feature in the composition of which must be observed.

If you look at the best quality of tungsten wedding bands with the most difficult metal, then you will not see cuts to the face forces. Tungsten carbide ring is difficult for many of such styles become possible. Standard tungsten band will have a highly polished smooth surface with rough mirror like brightness to the finish. In addition, tungsten wedding bands are available in various designs. Includes gold rope band continued neat appearance while adding a ring design adds interest to the eye surface.

Tungsten carbide free of stains，so you do not need to do much to keep this type of ring in pristine condition. Perspiration will not eat away at the ring's surface. The metal is not likely to set up an allergic reaction in the skin of the user. Keeping the ring looking its finest is just a matter of cleaning with a mild detergent and buffing dry with a soft cloth to absorb the moisture.

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Traditionally, men’s jewelry like wedding bands and rings were made from gold and later platinum caught up a little fancy. Only in the recent years, Men’s tungsten jewelry has entered the fashion industry and is fast catching as a style trend. The versatility of tungsten has made it a hot favorite amongst current fashion designers. This metal is strong and resilient and has an ever lasting mirror finish. It is corrosion resistant and does not fade or tarnish easily. Tungsten is the second hardest element (Diamond leads the list) with a ranking of 8.5 to 9 on Moh’s hardness scale. Its virtually untarnished image leaves you with jewelry for a lifetime that looks as new as you had first brought it even after decades of use.

Men’s Gold Jewelry
Gold jewelry is normally considered as a woman’s world or is believed to best suit the older generation. The younger generation prefers more subtle jewelry like stainless steel or diamond, and now opts for the current rage tungsten jewelry. Gold jewelry is comparatively the costliest among metals. They can be easily scratched and get faded over time. They need to be polished regularly to maintain the shine. Being a soft metal, gold needs to be mixed with other metals such as nickel to be converted into strong jewelry. Many people develop an allergy to the gold jewelry mainly due to the nickel content.

Men’s Tungsten jewelry
Good quality tungsten jewelry has a brilliant mirror finish and is slightly darker in color when compared to platinum. Lesser quality tungsten would be darker and grainy and is best avoided. Jewelry made from tungsten is more durable to constant use even during outdoor activities like water sports and does not loose its shine by sweating or continuous skin contact. Tungsten rings are heavy and masculine and are a perfect match for men’s jewelry. The cool steely color can be offset with white gold, diamonds and other precious stones. This attention grabbing stylish men’s jewelry will win you a lot of hearts. Originally, tungsten too is a slightly soft material and is combined with carbon to form tungsten carbide, the indestructible metal. Men’s tungsten jewelry is normally made of out this tungsten carbide.

Tungsten vs Gold in men’s jewelry
Men’s gold jewelry look worn out after a couple of years of continuous use, while the mirror finish of tungsten jewelry will usually last a lifetime. Tungsten is ten times harder than gold and hence, unlike gold it will never change its form or shape over years. Over a period of time, gold jewelry need to be “reshaped”, while the shape of tungsten jewelry remains unchanged forever. People who are allergic to gold or platinum can easily wear tungsten without any problem. When compared to men’s gold jewelry, men’s tungsten jewelry are cheaper. A plain tungsten ring would begin at a price of about $50 while the same ring in gold could easily start at $300 - $400. Gold prices fluctuate while the tungsten price remains more or less the same.

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Tungsten darts are not cheap, in fact they can be very expensive the more tungsten you get.  However if you are looking to work on your dart game, these are the best darts to purchase.  They are the choice of professional darters and are the logical choice for the most effective shooting.  This article will help you identify what the advantages are to buying tungsten darts, what you should think about before purchase, and what you should expect to pay.

What is Tungsten?
Tungsten is a naturally occurring mineral that appears grayish in color and is always found combined with other minerals when mined from the Earth.  The compounds mined the most are wolframite and scheelite.  On its own tungsten is a very dense mineral with a high melting point, this density is what makes it ideal for darts.  Over 75% of the mining production occurs in China.

Why Pros throw Tungsten Darts
The dense material allows the dart to be the same weight as other darts, but up to half the size.  This allows the darter to throw tighter groupings with all three darts.  So, it is easier to throw a ton80 (three triple twenties) with tungsten darts then it would be with wooden, brass, or nickel darts.
 
How is the Knurling?
Knurling is the grip on the barrel of the dart.  The coarser the knurling the better grip the darter will have in their throw.  Because tungsten is so dense, it does not wear down from use as quickly, allowing the thrower a consistent release.  I tend to have sweaty hands during competition and really like a coarse knurling to prevent the darts from slipping in my throwing motion.  The best I have found from over 10 years of throwing is Bottelsen’s steel-tip Gorilla Grip Hammer Head Darts with 90% tungsten.  I have used these darts for over 4 years and they seem to retain their knurling on the barrel quite well.  I am sure that there are many other brands that have similar techniques to a raised grip point and the best advice I can give is to feel a few at sporting goods store or at a tournament with a vendor displaying darts.  However, before you purchase you should continue reading.
 
How much Tungsten in the darts?
Tungsten darts come in many different varieties and percentages.  You will see the most common being 70%, which usually means 70% tungsten, 30% nickel.  In older sets tungsten was sometimes mixed with copper; however those are very unusual to find anymore.  However, you can find darts with a trace of tungsten up to about 98% tungsten in the more expensive sets.  Remember the more tungsten you buy, the darts will hold up better, last longer, and be thinner, which will help your shooting.

Pricing of Darts
The big consideration that most people will be making when considering how much to spend on darts is what is their goal?  If the goal of the shooter is to learn the game and determine if they want to shoot on a regular basis, then I would expect that shooter to pick up a $20 set at their local sporting goods store and go out to shoot.  I had a friend from work that we needed to substitute on our winter dart team.  He proceeded to borrow a spare set of darts from one of our regulars and shoot for the evening.  He found that he really enjoyed the game and at our next tournament he spent $40 on a decent set of 80% tungsten darts and discovered a long-term love for the game.  He went on to shoot on our summer team and has been shooting ever since.  However, if you already are an experienced shooter you may have more concern for cost over life of the darts.  Myself, I spent $80 on a good set of Bottleson’s 90% Tungsten and they have lasted four years and counting, showing no signs of wear.  So far, they have cost me $20 a year, and I expect that cost to continue shrinking.

50-70% Tungsten - will usually cost less than $40 and will be sold at larger chain stores and sporting goods stores.  You really have to watch out for cheaper, mass produced imports in this category.  These will be very common, but not the best darts for the long haul.

80% Tungsten – will usually cost $20-$50 and I would consider these the most common darts sold to league players.  Many of the players in our lower conferences (newer, inexperienced, shooters) use these darts.  You can find these online, vendors at dart tournaments, and occasionally at a sporting goods store with a larger selection of dart supplies.

90% Tungsten – will usually cost $50-$100 and can be found online from numerous retailers.  These darts are most common with guys in the league that I would consider regulars.  They have worked on their game some and have slipped into a pretty consistent way of shooting.  There are numerous manufacturers to choose from with a wide variety of models, this is where an individuals feel will come into play.  You really need to pick a few of these up and see what is the most comfortable for you.

95-98% Tungsten – will usually cost more than $100 to purchase, not running more than $200 on a consistent basis.  These darts will be extremely thin and if you have real potential for developing your game into an elite shooter I recommend these.  When I say elite shooter, which means local for your area also, not just the professionals.  If I could find the time to shoot every night to really work on my game, then I would definitely consider investing in these darts, because they will really help with groupings of the darts.
Conclusion

Depending on your level of interests in darts, there is a large variety of tungsten darts to purchase, remember to read the packaging carefully to find out exactly the amount of tungsten you are getting for your money.

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