Rare sale or loss of billions of dollars

Has been for about two years China Rare international litigation , in the spring of 2014 with the verdict : World Trade Organization (WTO) panel report announced that the export tariffs on China for rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum related products taken in violation of the quota management measures the relevant provisions of the WTO. In other words, China can not continue to manage the use of quotas for exports of rare earth .

In fact , the United States , Canada and other developed countries have very rich reserves. Prior to the 1980s , these countries are also the supply of rare earth exports. But with the increasing volume of Chinese exports of rare earths , they began to adopt or not adopt without possession to sell . Earlier also an important producer of rare earths United States, 1997 shut down the local 's largest rare earth mine in Mountain Pass mine , rare earth changed cheaper imports from China .

According to the statistics , from 1979 to 1986 rare earth export price was 7-9 U.S. dollars per kilogram ; 1987-1991 years 9.5 to 13.5 U.S. dollars per kilogram ; 1992-2001 , the price dropped to 9-11 U.S. dollars per kilogram ; 2002-2005 years , the price dropped to $ 5.5 per kilogram even .

Guangxian Chinese Academy of Sciences has said that from 1995 to 2005 10 years, because low-priced exports of rare earth , causing China's foreign exchange losses of up to several billions of dollars.

Since 2003 , China began to implement a quota system for rare earths , rare earths by 2005 to further cancellation of export tax rebates , export quotas compressed list of enterprises . Since 2007, China has implemented a mandatory plan for rare earth production , reducing exports of rare earths .

Meanwhile, China 's accession to WTO negotiations in progress , a focus that is lifting barriers on imported products , foreign products in order to achieve fair competition in the Chinese market. After that, as an incentive or a means of suppressing domestic production capacity , China has taken to raise or lower the export tax approach , and take some special products export quota system .

This means that some of the products in the domestic market price is lower than the price in the international market . A similar case is that in June 2009 , the United States , the European Union filed a complaint application to the WTO , said China has adopted export quotas on bauxite, phosphorus and zinc were nine kinds of raw materials, contrary to its WTO accession commitments when . These measures lead to other countries at a disadvantage in the production and export of chemical products , whereas China -related companies were given an unfair advantage in the competition.

The so-called rare earths international litigation , is the United States , European Union, Japan v. China rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum related products export management measures do not conform to WTO rules and commitments on when China joined the WTO .

China believes that relevant Chinese measures consistent with the objectives of sustainable development of the WTO, and the earth as a non-renewable mineral resources , are exhaustible natural resources that can be invoked in 1994 , " GATT " Article 20 , in order to protect the reason exhaustible natural resources export restrictions .

When China joined the WTO, there are 84 tariff increase tariffs. However, in the rare earth, tungsten , molybdenum, three resources , only the heading of a tariff increase range are tungsten , rare earths , molybdenum not in this range.


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