According to Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Agency document instructions, " Inner Macro Bot rare sulfide green materials R & D Center " was identified as the 2013 year -class R & D center in Inner Mongolia .

Rare Earth High-tech Zone Technology Innovation Service Center rare professional incubator , research and development , the production of green pigment -based rare-earth series of environmental protection and has to match the quality of the test center. The company developed sulfide green pigment is the first to fill the gaps in our non-toxic paint . Currently apply in the rare earth industry park of 20 acres of land , ready to build production plants and research and development and office complex building 10,000 square meters of 3,200 square meters .

According to reports, the move will better guide enterprises to increase technology investment, improve innovation capacity , promote advanced scientific and technological achievements into productivity quickly .


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National Development and Reform Commission , Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Integration has prepared phosphorus, renewable clean production evaluation system rubber , rare earth smelting and other nine industries to replace the existing system of criteria and indicators to guide and encourage enterprises to implement cleaner production law. After the draft announced on February 14 , the reporter interviewed the relevant industry associations understand that these industries pollution , energy consumption and other problems have constrained the development of the urgent need to promote cleaner production audit , technical and management measures demonstrate a reasonable indicator system .

Phosphorus, recycled rubber , clean production evaluation index system of rare earth smelting industry , are based on a comprehensive evaluation of the resulting scores will be cleaner production level is divided into three levels: the international advanced level of cleaner production or domestic leading level of clean production ; two cleaner production for the domestic advanced level ; three basic domestic cleaner production ( general ) level. Evaluation of specific indicators , including indicators of production technology and equipment , resources and energy consumption indicators , indicators of resource utilization , pollutant indicator , indicators of product characteristics , cleaner production management indicators.

According to the Deputy Secretary-General of China Inorganic Salt Industry Association, Wang Peilin introduction, phosphorus is a resource-based pollution and high energy consumption products , yellow phosphorus industry in recent years in terms of energy saving , although some progress , but uneven development of advanced enterprise and backward energy consumption per unit of product differ greatly between enterprises . Advanced level of energy consumption is only 2.7 tons to 3.3 tons of standard coal , and energy Laggards up to 4 tons of standard coal . Which is mainly phosphorus untapped direct combustion exhaust vent , wasting energy while polluting the environment . " Yellow phosphorus industry clean production evaluation index system" for the first time introduced to promote clean production enterprises to provide technical guidance, for the implementation of cleaner production audit , cleaner production and environmental impact assessment of the performance of the announcement , emission permits and other related environmental management system provides basis.

He said that the clean production of yellow phosphorus enterprises there is a certain degree of difficulty, the introduction of clean production evaluation index system , exhaust gas utilization will accelerate the industry , the use of low-grade ore , progress and other aspects of dry dust .

China Rubber Industry Association , said rubber utilization Branch Secretary Cao Qingxin , China is the world 's first rubber consuming country , but is very scarce national resources of rubber , more than 80 percent of domestic natural rubber and synthetic rubber require more than 40 percent of imports , recycled rubber and vulcanized rubber powder is an important complement to the resources of the rubber. Currently, the promotion of renewable rubber cleaner production, reduce pollution emissions from the source of recycled rubber and vulcanized rubber powder industry priority. And promotion of cleaner production audit , technical and management measures demonstrate the urgent need for a reasonable indicator system . He suggested that the state has adopted incentive rules, encourage enterprises to keep in line to the secondary , level of clean production standards , while not up to the standard of the three companies should be punished and even eliminated.

It is understood that the rare earth smelting separation process is more complex, chemical materials , water and energy consumption, produce large amounts of waste gas, waste water, waste . Rare earth smelting and separation of rare earth industry has become the development process of China's most serious pollution problems in the field , to carry out clean production areas of rare earth smelting is imperative . Establishment of rare earth industry clean production evaluation index system for cleaner production activities effectively regulate and evaluate its effects become increasingly important.

Deputy Director of Environmental Protection Department of quality and safety of China Petrochemical Association with Ning Chuang said , 2009 NDRC has organized the preparation of clean production evaluation system 30 key industries , the three ministries jointly issued this evaluation system is to effectively integrate standards, to create a unified implementation of cleaner production audit benchmarks and benchmark.


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Recently , often exceeding the news broke Rare tea and controversy . Opposition believes that there is radiation damage and contains rare earth metals, serious harmful ; tea parties and the Tea Association of the declared: Rare no harm . Many people love tea, tea , and some people did not dare to drink tea, rare earths in the end harm people be? Reporters interviewed Tao Chang Chun Bose sound engineer Henan Association .

Rare tea from the soil and planting process itself fertilizer

Chang Chun said the sound of the first rare earth chemical periodic table is actually very similar chemical properties of scandium subgroup lanthanides ( including lanthanum, cerium , praseodymium , neodymium, promethium , samarium, europium , gadolinium, terbium , dysprosium, holmium , erbium , thulium, ytterbium , lutetium , and two elements of the lanthanide series of elements 15 are closely related - scandium and yttrium ) , a total of 17 elements. Called thin, because scarce, called soil, because the chemical properties of these 17 elements are very close , difficult to separate , in the form of complex compounds formed mineral that looks like soil .

That rare tea Why do ? From two sources : first, the soil itself contains rare earth, is absorbed by plants ; Second , the planting process applied as fertilizer. Chang Chun Yeung said that China is the world's largest rare earth resources in the country , in Inner Mongolia , Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong and Shandong has deposits , so many tea plantations soil itself is rare . Why do we need to do as a fertilizer applied Rare ? From the 1970s , the country began to be widely Rare agricultural fertilizer , up to promote the area of ​​5000 acres, can be applied into the soil , can Yemianpenfei . Practice has proved that trace rare earth application , increase the effect is very obvious, but also can improve crop quality : to improve the protein content of wheat , sweeter watermelons , cotton lint length , higher -grade tea , tea also improves the application of rare earth in the amino acid composition of flooding , polyphenols, catechin content , is undoubtedly beneficial to human health. In recent years, more than people love tea , fired some very hot tea , a surge in demand could lead to a small number of farmers to increase the amount of rare earth application .

Rare is non-toxic substances, the gastrointestinal absorption less , does not accumulate in the body

Chang Chun explained that the first sound , rare earth compounds of rare earth ore more complex , many do not dissolve in water, because it is given that they exist in the form of minerals in nature , not because of wind and rain and dissolved. Although rare earth metals, but which is nontoxic.

" intake of trace amounts of rare earth is harmless to humans , it's harmless from three aspects , first of all, in the promotion of China's rare earth, rare earth had four consecutive years of application of soybeans , sweet potatoes, peanuts, wheat, rape , etc. have been estimated radiation content are far below the national standard , the body can tolerate small amounts of radiation in our daily drinking water , eating foods contain trace amounts of radioactive isotopes ; Secondly , studies have shown that rare earth any compound , absorption through the gastrointestinal tract are rare , less than 0.1% of intake , and as they do not accumulate in the body like lead , oral rare earth compounds , more than 99% is excreted with the feces , there will be neither acute toxicity , it does not produce long-term toxicity ; again , trace rare earth application , but also the degradation of pesticides, reduce pesticide residues. The mid -1980s , when China's large -scale promotion of rare earth farm under the State Economic Commission , the State Science and Technology Commission , Ministry of Agriculture , Ministry of Health Organization , the country has dozens of units of rare earth radiation and toxicity of agricultural research , conclusions that the use of trace rare earth elements on agriculture will not cause harmful effects on people and the environment is safe. " Chang Chun Yeung said , even without applying rare earth fertilizer, our daily eating rice, fruits and vegetables also contain trace amounts of rare earth , normal consumption , the amount is far below the allowable intake intake values ​​, therefore , no need to talk about rare earths pale, not even tea.

Finally, he noted , is not only rare for crops, but also added to animal feed for fish , cattle , pigs , chickens, ducks and other support to allow the addition of a very small, but significant effect, China's imports of feed also found that there are rare , but not excessive , and any excess is harmful substances , in order to increase the benefit amount is detrimental rare , so rare investigate excessive product also necessary .


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Minmetals Rare 18 evening announcement , according to the " Notice of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued in 2014 on the first batch of the total rare earth production control plan " and Minmetals Rare Earth Group Co., Ltd. " issued by the Ministry on the first batch of 2014 total rare earth production volume control notification scheme , "the relevant requirements, the company affiliated enterprises Gan County red gold rare Ltd. , will be South Jiahua Advanced Material Resources Co., Ltd. in 2014 the first batch of the total rare earth production control plan targets were 835 tons and 657 tons .


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February 19, 2014 Price of rare earth products

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Today, the rare earth market running smoothly. Recent market quotes some products rise, the market traded above the main line , low-priced goods intention to go lower , the actual turnover is also slightly better than the previous . But the market is not favorable factors to stimulate demand no pick up, the operating rate was not restored.

Dysprosium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax 170-185 yuan / ton, dysprosium iron mainstream manufacturers tax price 180-190 yuan / ton.

Praseodymium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 550,000-570,000 yuan / ton. Neodymium oxide 300,000-310,000 yuan / ton.

Lanthanum oxide manufacturers tax price 23,000-25,000 yuan / ton. Cerium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 23,000-25,000 yuan / ton.

Neodymium oxide, praseodymium mainstream manufacturers tax price 305,000-315,000 yuan / ton , praseodymium , neodymium metal mainstream manufacturers tax price 395000-405,000 yuan / ton.

Fluorescent europium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 4,300-4,500 yuan / kg. Terbium oxide phosphor grade mainstream manufacturers tax price 3,200-3,300 yuan / kg.


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Following the light rare earth neodymium oxide, praseodymium ushered in last week rose significantly after the first week, two related species of heavy rare earth prices have now for the first time the callback , according to data in the doldrums for nearly four months later, the first increase of 0.56% dysprosium oxide , dysprosium iron rose 1.27% , the light rare earth oxide, praseodymium , neodymium , praseodymium , neodymium alloy continues to rise.

An anonymous brokerage analyst said that once the presence of rare earth prices continue to rebound, purchasing and storage , such as hitting a catalyst concentration appeared last year in the fourth quarter to fall and the development of industry policy stagflation rare earth sector is expected to usher in compensatory growth market .

Online industry analyst Wu Chen- hui said the heavy rare earth warmer actually mainly because very few private mine on the market , and because separation plant has not been fully resumed scarcity of supply lead oxides , combined with lower orders after New Year increasing demand for stage of growth promotion . Policy guidance and continued to pick up Pr-Nd alloy is mainly affected by the new energy vehicles subsidy policies to promote better than expected and the positive impact of replenishment , however , the downstream demand will not increase significantly , widely NdFeB also need ongoing support .


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Recently, the European Commission Trade Commissioner De Gucht said in an interview with Reuters , the EU will take action to a wide range of Chinese government subsidy programs , in order to resist being unfairly subsidized low-priced Chinese products to enter the European market and European industry threat. In addition to subsidies , the German in the interview also highlighted the problem of rare earth , claiming that currently does not have the legal basis for challenging China's rare earth policy, but the EU will seek other sources of supply , while China has pledged to meet the requirements of the EU demand for rare earths .


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"We always look down on magnets, " Northwestern University in Boston developed a new type of magnetic material Laura Lewis (Laura Lewis) exclaimed , "People always think : ' Yes, yes, even to be used in the fridge magnets, how trivial it! '"

But in Lewis 's eyes, the story is completely different magnets . Permanent magnets is much more than a key component of the fridge , or high school experiment which is difficult to play with piles of metal , which can produce magnetic piece of metal itself is actually a lot of support from the core technology of our modern life .

These techniques included headphones from smart phones to personal items such as their slim shape thanks to the latest generation of highly efficient magnet for internal use , but far more than the magnet 's influence here . NY罗彻斯特阿Nordisk Magnetic Technologies Stephen Constantinides (Steve Constantinides) explains , " Our world runs on energy , automotive , turbines , computers , satellites, and a variety of transportation transport , which requires magnets. "

And now, a crisis is emerging . Gluttonous lust for power by the global stimulus , the demand for the best quality magnets are converging to an undercurrent torrent. The trouble is , we do not know where did you get so much talent magnet . Suddenly, Constantinides , Lewis , and their colleagues found that their work is under unprecedented attention .

To create a good magnet is not easy . 19th century, classical electromagnetic theory tells us that the charge motion generates a magnetic field , the magnetic field is a natural magnet in turn can drive charge . This discovery is enough to make a lot of iron , the most common natural magnetic material, the core of motors, generators and transformers such critical power technology . Core energy stored in these devices , the mechanical work and current into each other , is still true today .

But to explain such a permanent magnet produces a magnetic field and how to obtain the magnetic field and the ability to interact , you have to help a lot of 20th century physics job. All of this comes from the behavior of atoms in solid state electronics . The quantum theory and Einstein 's theory of relativity criteria used in these electronics, you will find that they behave like a small bar magnet that points either up or down , depending on the value of the electron spin .

In most materials , the number of electrons in each point of each half , so overall not exhibit magnetic effect , but some elements, such as iron, cobalt and nickel, as well as its neighbors in the periodic table , if all the outermost layer of atoms forming the bond is that participating in electron spin pointing parallel to each other , it will reduce the overall energy .

As long as these electronic firmly fixed that they are free to flip a solid lattice, then add a little magnetic field , the solid composition of these elements can generate its own magnetic field , and keep it consistent . In this way, you've got a permanent magnet.

Magnets around us everywhere, everyday communication , transportation, energy systems and even an important raw material , however, this is about not enough resources

Quality permanent magnet

Yes, this is a permanent magnet , but this is a good magnet it? "I have a need to meet the requirements of high-quality magnet list , " Constantinides said, "to be launched very long . "

Modern iron-based or ferrite magnets, on the cheap and abundant raw materials have a hook , which is also relatively strong enough magnetic and corrosion resistance are the champion , but they have one fatal flaw : the energy density is too low. This means that if you want a strong magnetic field , then you must use large enough to make a terrible giant pile of ferrite magnets .

" ferrite magnet is large and heavy big iron . "Lewis added.

For the heavy machinery industry, or for use in large-scale power units , this is also decent , but in today's electronic age crafted , we need a more exquisite stature magnet .

How can we create such a magnet to it? Large number of electrons in solid materials and spin interactions between them are too complicated, theoretical physicists want to accurately determine their behavior is simply no chance of winning , so manufacturers better magnet largely dependent on metallurgy family's dark magic : Mix all possible elements, and then placed in a magnetic field , to see how the wheel of fortune will change .

Shen Nong tasted a hundred herbs such methods have been tested. 1930s synthetic aluminum - cobalt - nickel- magnet , the energy density is twice the best ferrite magnets , but the real breakthrough was discovered more than 1970 rare earth elements in the lanthanide or called magnetic potential is beginning . These elements on the periodic table is always a separate area , without exception, can contribute to a large number of spins parallel to each other even woven into a piece of electronics . Samarium cobalt and rare earth elements with a mixture made ​​of magnets, storage or even than aluminum - cobalt - nickel- magnet even twice as high.

Of course , the biggest star in the draft but also is made ​​of rare earth neodymium iron and boron plus made ​​magnet. Prior to the 1990s , these neodymium magnets has been rapid development , so that the magnetic field of a magnet fingernail generated so much , even stronger than the Earth's iron core of the entire field thousands of times . Under "room temperature , neodymium magnets are the strongest magnets we currently know . " Constantinides so commented.

The problem lies in the " room temperature " is . Early Neodymium has a nasty flaw - thermal disturbance will destroy those carefully arranged always good spin , so the magnet demagnetization , and over 100 ℃, complete loss of magnetism , but just need a little building, a ready solution in sight patch : to get a more thermodynamically stable structure , just a fraction of neodymium atoms to a few percent , replacing it heavier companion - Dy .

Ultimately, this has brought a revolution in the magnetic field . The power transmission from the vehicle to allow the hard disk , CD and DVD disc rotates at high speed motor ; required from the speakers and the headphone will be converted into current pulses of acoustic diaphragm to medical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the ultra-high the density of the magnetic field - whenever needed with a minimum volume of local produce maximum field will flash a neodymium magnetic figure.

As of 2010 , despite the nice affordable ferrite magnets in weight proportion still holds the bulk of sales , but sales of the total price point , neodymium-based magnets are more than 1-2 times faster than all other magnets.

With the blessing but a curse to . Magnetic Iowa State University researcher William McCallum (William McCallum) , explains: " When Neodymium was invented , people think it is a bit too good to head it. It REE demand , even more than the latter's reserves. "

REE does not actually rare , accounting for a total of a few parts per million of the Earth's surface , but they are difficult to explore . Over the past few decades , almost all of the world's supply of rare earths comes from China 's rare earth minerals, but China needs these elements to meet their economic and consumer demand , has recently started classes with high rare earth export tariffs - are the value of the global rare earth thirsty for knowledge when the mouth .

Such a horseshoe magnet , mostly ferrite magnets. They are characterized by abundant and cheap raw materials , the disadvantage is that there can not sufficiently compact and strong enough magnetic

The shortage of sources , not personal consumer electronics . "You can see each computer , which has about 50 grams magnet. " McCallum said. For millions of such devices , the amount of the required magnet is very substantial.

But compared to now swallowed magnets green energy technology , but trivial. Wind turbines, electric vehicles and electric bicycle motors must be strong and lightweight, only two neodymium magnet can have both . Each electric car motors require about 2 kg neodymium magnet , and an energy output of one million kilowatts of wind power generator takes about 2 / 3 tons . Only one wind generator will allow the magnet demand between 2010 and 2015 rose by 7 times.

By re-open the mine mountain pass in California , as well as the newly opened mines in Australia , the shortage of rare earths can be partially alleviated, but this is only a fraction of it. Electric cars , wind turbines or anywhere roaring , operating temperatures are high, which implies the need to neodymium and dysprosium in order to ensure the incorporation of a large magnetic stability. Dysprosium is precisely the lack of American and Australian rare earth mine , something only rich in Chinese mines .

Therefore, the industry demand for new super magnet has become increasingly urgent. In the United States , the Department of Energy has started as a pioneer advocate for the development of new magnet. Is shrinking called " counter " (React) "critical technologies of rare earth alternatives " (Rare Earth Alternatives in Critical Technologies) project, funded by 14 different groups , with a total investment of $ 22 million , the goal is to develop the required fewer REE magnets, totally not the best .

Lewis 's team is one of them , they are trying to use a mixture of iron and nickel to further squeeze the performance of high-end magnets. Usually, when you have two kinds of magnetic potential elements mixed together they actually will degenerate into some random lattice structure , so that the spin parallel to the more difficult to achieve , but there is an exception, is called Quartet taenite (tetrataenite ) mineral structure in which iron and nickel atoms form regular layered structure, with a strong magnetization orientation.

In the usual time scales , the solid structure of atoms fused into such unlikely neat natural conformation . In fact , not a geologic Quartet taenite product on the planet , now known natural samples are from a few dozen meteorites. "They're from a big , big, big asteroid separated , it took ten years before cooling into the hundreds of millions of the current structure , " Lewis explained.

We can not wait for billions of years. Lewis 's job is trying to make iron and nickel atoms fused rapid formation of this structure, by adding different impurities to guide them into the right order. "The fact is these two atoms to fool their brains , so they do not need to think through the test of time and can also form a solid marriage. "Lewis quips.

This is a bold vision . But with McCallum 's words: "' counter ' project is unique for each team are called curtain , two or three curtain curtain miracle plays. Lewis must find a way to eternal condensed into one minute or one hour , this is a miracle to reach her ​​. "

McCallum is a miracle of their own , so that cerium bring magnetic field. Although rare earth cerium is , but in the mountain pass more than rich mineral deposits in it , about half of the total weight of rare earth elements mine . " If successful , the whole economy will be altered rare earth industry . " McCallum look forward to the future.

But there is a problem that lie in front of each cerium atom has a change point forming a magnetic spin of a single electron , but the structure once it binds to other components , the cerium atoms will contribute electrons, so it is highly unstable magnetic , especially in some critical temperature range.

McCallum 's work mainly through the structure by adding some elements of atomic Impartial enough , let not send cerium atoms and courteous , but even feasible , it is impossible that shine like cerium , neodymium , and fortunately it not shoulder this responsibility. He explained: " look at the difference between the non- rare earth rare earth magnets and magnet , described as hanging in every day . " Thus, any non- magnet rare material, as long as a place in the neutral zone , the fever will let dysprosium , neodymium and then let cool .

Constantinides also has a similar goal . "We do not need to replace neodymium , " he thought so , " we need to do is to find some of the material , price, performance with complementary . " His company is carrying out two broad attempt. First, by using high-performance computing to eliminate aluminum - Nickel - Cobalt magnets rare earth elements such as existing non- short board. Another strategy he described as a wasteland , is to use complex algorithms auditions in the limited nature of magnetic material library, through the analysis to find the next superstar.

Constantinides said: " nickel, iron and cobalt is highly decorated , the question is can we find a more intelligent combination of these elements so that a more hard-edged . "However, he did not Chi Wang quick fix , " the number of floating point operations per second (Flops) it needs to remember the needs of trillions of times . "

Meanwhile, the U.S. State of Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond Everett Carpenter (Everett Carpenter) and his team , is looking at a more unlikely candidate : Carbon . Graphite and diamond is not known magnetically , and made ​​of carbon was added to the iron- steel magnetic be weakened, but the fine carbonaceous nanoparticles bind with other elements , the result obtained is very different .

"We actually can enhance the magnetic properties of materials, " Carpenter said, " and it is greatly enhanced. "He believes that this kind may eventually tempered into a steel magnet , neodymium magnet beat , and the price is much cheaper. The most important question is how to make these tiny magnets grow into suitable size.

Right now , both Carpenter or any of the other team " fight back" programs , are not claiming to have made a breakthrough . So Lewis think she has a chance of winning it a few ? "Oh, we set ah, very small, " she laughs , but taking into account the effect of the magnet support the electrification of our modern lives , we should all pray for a miracle to happen, " even if it is found that a glimmer of hope , may earthshaking . " By 2015 , global demand for magnet industry might result in a shortage situation


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Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on the issuance of the rare earth industry, the implementation of cleaner production technologies program , provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities and cities , the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, industry and information technology departments , relevant central enterprises , industry associations :

To implement the " industrial cleaner production implementation of the" Twelfth Five-Year "plan " to speed up key sectors of advanced technology application and promotion of cleaner production , improve the industry clean production levels , significantly reduce emissions intensity , I compiled a tissue to clean the rare earth industry production technology implementation program ( hereinafter referred to as the program ) . Is issued to you , please do program implementation . Notify the relevant requirements are as follows :

First, the relevant local industry authorities want the rare earth industry, the promotion of cleaner production technologies as an important measure to promote energy conservation , and increase efforts to speed up the implementation of the program organization .

( A ) to strengthen research, combined with the implementation of cleaner production technologies in the region the status quo , the implementation of the potential to develop clean production technologies targeted implementation plan .

(B ) the scheme set forth in the clean production technology as the focus of financial guidance funds to support energy conservation , technological innovation , cleaner production, recycling economy .

(C ) increase awareness training , and strengthen the exchange of relevant information , guide enterprises to apply cleaner production technologies .

Second, the industry association should give full play to the role of bridge and link between business and government , good information consulting , technology services , discussion , etc., to promote cleaner production technologies to upgrade the rare earth industry , promoting sustainable development of the industry .

Third, the application of the relevant rare earth enterprises as the main body of cleaner production technologies , it is necessary to implement cleaner production technology , as a fundamental way to enhance the technical level and core competitiveness, the prevention and reduction of pollutants from the source to achieve clean development. Central Enterprise Group should actively support an enterprise application and promotion of cleaner production technologies programs , demonstration projects related priorities included in the Group's project implementation plan and provide financial support.


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