Tungsten, tantalum and rare-earth elements (REEs) have started to emerge as “critical” global metals and are expected to become highly scarce from 2015, Core Consultants MD Lara Smith said on Wednesday.

“While the European Union and the US Department of Defence somewhat disagree on the full list of those metals that are deemed critical, they do agree that these three are [at the top of the list],” she said at the Geological Society of South Africa’s 2013 GeoForum conference, in Johannesburg.

Critical metals are defined as those metals with a critical risk to supply, on which humans are highly dependent for survival, and which are necessary for the continuation of a modern way of life.

Smith noted that these minerals were conventionally dominated by a single supplier or country, commonly experienced underinvestment in the development of new projects, and presented limited potential for substitution.

“In addition, critical metals are finding increased application in modern, portable devices, as well as in military or defence applications and are, therefore, of strategic importance to several countries,” she commented.


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Japanese tungsten buyers inactive in purchasing.

Owing to the weak demand and the increasing tungsten products prices in China, most of the Japanese buyers are inactive in making deals.

Furthermore, many Japanese tungsten market participants will go for summer holiday in late July and August, and most of them plan to consume the rest stocks in the near future. The tungsten market keeps quiet in Japan this week.

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China tungsten export market sees few deals.

In the recent days, China tungsten prices moved up continuously, and the export offers were pushed up accordingly.

However, the overseas buyers only purchase from hand to mouth, and are unwilling to hold stocks in large quantities owing to the weak demand.

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Indian tungsten market inactive.

Indian tungsten market is inactive this week, and owing to the increasing tungsten price in China, many customers are cautious in making deals.An end-user based in India noted that they mainly import tungsten carbide powder from China. 

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China tungsten concentrate prices hold firm.

Currently, most of the market participants hold wait-and-see attitudes towards the future market, and are inactive in making deals.

The tungsten concentrate prices are firm this week, and the trading volume is small in the spot market. A source from a tungsten concentrate factory based in South China expressed that they make offers for tungsten concertrate frim.

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China  ammonium paratungstate market(APTmarket) keeps quiet into July, and the market participants are cautious in making deals.

Most of them are watching the market, and wait for the guiding prices in July. A source from an APT factory based in South China noted that they mainly dealt with the old orders in the recent days. 

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Tungsten Concentrate Prices Keep Rising In Russian.

The improving demand in Russian tungsten concentrate market tightens the supply, leading to rising prices in the past month.

A Russian producer who processes 120tpm of tungsten concentrate reported that they have received more inquiries owing to the strong demand in the market.

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Tungsten electrode market runs slowly.

China tungsten electrode market is quiet as the downstream customers are inactive in making deals. Tungsten electrode prices move up slightly as the raw materials prices increase.

A source from a tungsten electrode factory based in North China, with an output of around 10 tons per month, noted that they mainly dealt with the old orders in the recent days. He said that they make offers for ground thorium tungsten for higher.

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The trading volume is small in the tungsten scrap market and the tungsten scrap market moves slowly.

The offers for tungsten scrap increase, but transaction prices are unfavorable.

A recycler based in Hunan, whose volume is around 20 tons per month, expressed that tungsten scraps price moves up  a little.

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It is the first time that uranium enriching plant in Lanzhou opens to medium. Enriched nuclear fuel which extracted here is delivered to every nuclear power station in China after being processed. The plant also used to provide nuclear fuel to Chinese atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb, nuclear submarine, and Qinshan nuclear power station, the first nuclear power station in China. Recently, CNNC (China National Nuclear Corporation) announces that industrial application of uranium enrichment has been realized successfully in China.

Uranium enriching centrifuge is core production equipment for uranium enrichment. It is also core secret controlled strictly around the world. Generally, uranium enrichment is one of standards for judging a state carrying on nuclear test or not. Uranium enriching centrifuge, the key equipment is ranked as core secret. Liu Zhonghua, technology director of CNNC Technology and Informatization Department, pointed out that uranium enrichment depended on backward diffusing isolation technique. The primary reason was that manufacturing technology of uranium enriching centrifuge was quite complicated. Rotation rate per minutes was higher than jet engine. Rotation rate of uranium enriching centrifuge reached tens of thousands of rpm to hundreds of thousands of rpm. It demanded materials with high strength. Service substance of uranium enriching centrifuge was gaseous uranium hexafluoride which had strong corrosivity. It also demanded materials with high corrosion resistance. Tungsten alloy radiation shielding can meet the requirements of uranium enriching centrifuge with high strength and corrosion resistance. In addition, during uranium enriching, tungsten alloy radiation shielding can be used as collimators or containers for radioactive isotopes. Tungsten alloy radiation shielding is ideal for shielding against both X-ray and Gamma radiation. The very high density of tungsten alloy radiation shielding allows a reduction in the physical size of shielding components, without compromising the effectiveness of the shielding characteristics.

During several years, researchers of CNNC have overcome multiple technical difficulties of uranium enriching centrifuge, finishing research of uranium enriching centrifuge and realizing the industrial application of uranium enriching centrifuge. Decrease the cost of uranium enrichment greatly.

Development of Chinese nuclear weapon was begun in 1950’s. In June, 1959, China started 596 Project for against with the U.S. and Soviet Union. At the beginning, development of Chinese nuclear weapon is carried on with the assistance of soviet experts. With the breakage of relationship between China and Soviet Union, Soviet Union withdrew all of its experts. China was forced to develop nuclear weapon by itself. On October 16^th, 1964, the first Chinese atomic bomb exploded successfully in Lop Nur, Xinjiang, making China become the fifth state which had nuclear weapon. On the same day, China gave a solemn announcement to the world that China would not use nuclear weapon in anytime and any case. China developed nuclear weapon for self defense purely. On September 9^th, 1966, China used H-6, medium bomber to test nuclear weapon. On October 25^th, 1966, China launched its first nuclear missile. On June 17^th, China tested its first hydrogen bomb successfully. Nuclear fusel which needed by development of Chinese nuclear weapon was provided uranium enriching plant which belongs to CNNC now in Lanzhou. So uranium enriching plant in Lanzhou made great contributions to development of Chinese nuclear weapon.

As a state which has nuclear weapon, China never avoids its obligation and responsibility for nuclear disarmament. China is always advocating that forbid nuclear weapon comprehensively and destroy nuclear weapon drastically. On July 30^th, 1996, China announced to stop nuclear test. On September 24^th, 1996, China became the first batch of states which signed CNBT (Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-ban Treaty). China is always keeping high continence for scale and development of nuclear weapon. China never participates in nuclear arms race or deploys nuclear weapon in other states.     

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