In the development of tungsten-based Plasma Facing Materials/Components (PFMs/PFCs), materials scientists have explored many different, innovative preparation and processing routes to meet the requirement of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). Tungsten (W) is one of the best candidates for plasma-facing materials in the fusion reactors, owing to its many unique properties. However, some inherent defects such as the embrittlement, high DBTT of tungsten material restrict its application on PFMs and PFCs.

Due to the environmental pollution and climate change cause by burning of fossil fuels, finding a renewable and clean energy alternative is becoming increasingly important. Hydrogen (H2) has high energy density and zero emission, which makes it one of the most promising energy carriers in future. Among various hydrogen production methods, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from electrocatalytic water splitting is considered as an ideal eco-friendly strategy to generate hydrogen in a large scale.

With ever-increasing demands of energy and environmental issues caused by extensive combustion of traditional fossil fuels, the quest for clean and sustainable energy sources as alternatives has attracted extensive research interest. Hydrogen seems to be a promising alternate due to its nontoxicity, ideal combustion efficiency and high gravimetric energy density. Among many accepted ways of hydrogen generation, photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has been widely regarded as an appealing solution.

In the past few decades, nanostructured materials has gained more scientific interest owing to their distinctive physical and chemical properties. Lanthanum tungstate (La2(WO4)3) nanoparticles exhibits a monoclinic scheelite-like structure with a space group of C2/c. It has been widely applied in fields such as luminescence, photocatalysis and scintillators due to their unique optical and structural properties.