How Tungsten Divertor Replace Carbon Divertor?
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- Category: Tungsten Information
- Published on Wednesday, 27 September 2017 19:27
The ITER device center is a high temperature deuterium tritium plasma ring with 15 MHz of plasma current, with a nuclear fusion power of 500,000 kilowatts.
Some scholars have suggested that the main function of divertor is to make the interaction of plasma and material in a separate chamber, and the source of impurity will be separated from the main plasma. This is one of the most important requirement is to withstand high temperatures.
In fact, the earliest use of ITER was carbon fiber, and from the data it was known that ITER's first divertor was equipped with an outer carbon device, because the melting point of carbon fiber composite material is also high, good thermal resistance, thermal fatigue is also good, it is also capable of withstanding boundary localized modes, and if an explosion enters the plasma, the divertor will not dissolve. However, the real problem with carbon is that it is easy to react with hydrogen. When the researchers are prepared to use true fusion fuel for heavy hydrogen, the carbon coating will release radioactive and become dangerous, and the nuclear regulator will never consider a divertor material that can absorb heavy hydrogen.
As a result, researchers turned to tungsten, the metal with the highest melting point: 3410 degrees centigrade. In normal and stable operation of ITER, tungsten can withstand high temperature. But the downside is that the heat produced by any unexpected explosion may melt the divertor, which does not immediately destroy the plasma and stop melting as carbon does. So in the second stage, when ITER announced a switch to a tungsten divertor, scientists in many countries were against it.
Although different opinions have been adopted, the design of tungsten divertor has been gradually accepted by ITER in many countries. Practice has proved that the tungsten divertor is possible to work. What's more, the biggest advantage of a tungsten divertor is that it doesn't produce radiation during operation. If there is a problem with the ITER experiment, researchers don't have to worry about radiation damage, but boldly look for problems and send personnel to repair them in time. Moreover, in the future, environmental protection, sustainability and safety should be the most important issues if the fusion reactor is truly involved in the field of energy applications.
In July 2017, after years of research, the researchers successfully tackled a number of international common problems, for the first time in the world to achieve a 50 million degree of plasma, high confinement operation 101.2 seconds of continuous discharge, realized from 60 seconds to cross domain 100 second. On the basis of EAST, China's independent concept of the next generation of nuclear fusion device - China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) has also been in full swing design research, in the future, China will use the CFETR reactor for power generation tests, which may be the artificial sun myth of the sun.
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