The Pillars of the Artificial Sun -- Tungsten

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Category: Tungsten Information
Published on Wednesday, 27 September 2017 11:02
What is a tungsten divertor? Tungsten divertor is a key component of the artificial sun, and it is very, very critical component. 
 
tungsten divertor image
 
The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) operates with deuterium-tritium, and the deuterium-tritic nuclear fusion reaction not only releases huge amounts of energy, but also has no radioactivity and is the cleanest and most efficient energy source in the future. Deuterium in seawater is extremely rich in reserves, one liter of seawater extracted deuterium, in the complete fusion reaction can be released equivalent to burning 300 liters of gasoline energy.
 
However, if a large amount of nuclear fusion reaction can be produced in deuterium and tritium gas mixtures, the gas temperature must reach 100 million degrees. At such a high temperature, the negatively charged electrons and positively charged nuclei in the gas atoms are completely disengaged and operate independently, and the high temperature gas, which is entirely composed of free charged particles, is called "plasma". Beginning in the 1970s, Soviet scientists invented the circulator, a "magnetic cage" consisting of a ring-shaped closed magnetic field.
 
Deuterium and tritium fusion at high temperatures, it must be carried out in the circulator, millions, tens of millions of billions of temperature, that circulator must be reinforced by high temperature metal. It is well known that tungsten is the most resistant to high temperature in the metal sector, the ultimate melting point at 3430 °C, with the same also has excellent thermal conductivity, low coefficient of thermal expansion, low sputtering yield and high sputtering threshold, low vapor pressure, low tritium retention properties, and low activity, are considered to be the most likely use of plasma materials for future converging reactor installations in large scale applications.
 
The main functional part of tungsten in the circulator is the tungsten divertor, in Tokamak, the impurity must be controlled effectively in order to obtain pure thermonuclear fusion plasma. The extraction of impurities is mainly controlled by the generation of impurities on the surface of the reactor wall, the flow of impurities into the main plasma region, and the flow of impurities from the main plasma.
 
In fact, not only is the divertor using tungsten material, but since the third stage of ITER, the carbon and beryllium materials used for the inner wall have also been eliminated, and all the wall materials have been changed to tungsten. This is mainly due to the low physical sputtering rate of tungsten materials, high sputtering threshold energy and less impurities. Even now, our next generation of artificial sun CFETR, is designed to make tungsten divertor and the inner wall of the material. So that tungsten is the artificial sun material is not an exaggeration.
 

 

 

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