There are four main preparation methods of preparing tungsten copper: mixed-press sintering method, activation sintering method, infiltration method, and nano/ultrafine mixed powder sintering method.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) heterogeneous photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process that degrades a variety of organic compounds, such as synthetic dyes, phenols and chlorophenols, detergents, solvents. Sunlight as a possible source of irradiation makes TiO2 photocatalysis an attractive technology to degrade pollutants in air. However TiO2 only works in conjunction with irradiation of limited wavelength: TiO2 band gap (Eg ≈ 3.2 eV) requires λirr  < 385 nm, which rules out 95% of the solar spectrum.

Glycerol is a byproduct of overcapacity from biodiesel manufacture. Selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) has seen an increasing industrial demand as the glycerol derived from biodiesel production. By the way, 1,3-PDO has been largely utilized in solvents, cosmetics, cleaning products, pharmaceutical industries, and organic synthesis intermediates.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is believed to be the cleanest, most efficient and sustainable routes to replace the current fossil fuel based energy. H2 produced via PEC water splitting efficiently converted into electricity using fuel cells. Metal oxide semiconductors are known to be suitable materials for PEC water splitting as they are inexpensive and very stable in aqueous solutions.