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Rare cases give us what revelation?

Details: Category: Rare Earth News; Published on Monday, 14 April 2014 14:46; Written by HJF; Hits: 1693

According to the United States , Europe, Japan v. China rare earths and other raw materials trade restrictions and WTO panel report the case background , combined with China's policy and practice , come to the following revelation :

WTO for China is a " double-edged sword ", both opened the door to the world market , at the same time opened the door to Chinese resources and the environment .

On the one hand , China after WTO accession aid rules and institutions dividends, use of labor and resources, opened the door to the international quickly to seize the world market. On the other hand , China 's resources and environment also opened the door to the world market , has brought great resource depletion and environmental pollution risk exposure.

" Rare case" against fully reflect the nature of the WTO " double-edged sword " , and " there is no free lunch ", WTO not because of " protecting the environment and resources," and let the members of the random destruction of free trade rules. In this context, China needs to establish a national environmental management system and adapt to WTO rules , in compliance with WTO rules , while reducing the risk of resource depletion and environmental pollution , which in the case of " rare case" of losing re-examine the corresponding rare earth production chain environmental management policy imperative .

Under the WTO framework, the environment is not responding to the exceptions resource disputes panacea.

Although outside the WTO trade objectives , but also set up to protect the environment , safeguard human rights and other targets , but because WTO itself is a trade organization of its own property pay more attention to the decision of the WTO trade objectives , environmental protection is only one reference conditions .

From the article quoted GATT1994 Ⅹ Ⅹ environmental exceptions to paragraph (b and g money ) to defend the history of the case , the current more than 10 cases , only two received the support of the Group of Experts , the " Asbestos " and Malaysia v. United States " lobster - turtle case ." Among them, the " Asbestos " is invoked on the first successful case history WTO GATT Article Ⅹ Ⅹ paragraph b , and Malaysia v. United States, " lobster - Turtle Case" is the first to GATT1994 Ⅹ Ⅹ terms of g " the conservation of exhaustible natural resources " the case is based on a comprehensive win .

Visible citing cases in favor of the environment very few exceptions , coupled with China since the two successive trade disputes citing environmental resource exceptions are on the losing end , easy to see, under the WTO framework , in order to maximize the maintenance of free trade, promoting trade and prosperity , Expert Group on the terms of reference to environmental exceptions cautious .

"greening" industrial policy acts as a green trade policy making China the " rare case" in both lose "face" and he lost "lining ."

In the " rare case" , although China has developed the rare earth export quotas, however, statistics show that the rare earth export quota little exhausted. The reason for the price increase has prompted the international market to increase exploration and development of rare earth resources, alternative materials efforts, but more because the Chinese are not the main thing on the domestic rare earth mining and restrictions on the use of export restrictions simultaneously. In the huge price difference at home and abroad , leading to rampant illegal mining and smuggling of rare earth .

Although China claims that the implementation of the export quota of rare earth and other raw materials for the purpose of regulation is to protect the environment , but foreign critics pointed out the Chinese government did not implement the domestic producers and export quotas equivalent controls, suggesting that these policies formulated by the Chinese government is still the old some industrial protection policy, industrial policy, environmental protection is simply to put the "green" coat, " new wine in old bottles " only. "greening" of industrial policy are not recognized by WTO , making China lost the "face ."

On the other hand , rampant smuggling of rare earth to bring the disorderly exploitation of rare and difficult to supervision , in addition to the black industry chain of concealment, its regulatory environment more question. Thus, the "greening" of industrial policy did not play a role in protecting and improving the environment, essentially brought a more serious environmental damage , making China more is lost "in the child ."

In the face of trade interests , " Rare case" will not be the end of China 's resource trade disputes under the WTO framework.

With China's participation in global trade gradually promote the deepening of China's industrial structure adjustment and upgrading of China's output of natural resources from rough to finish machining resource -based business model output of finished goods business model transformation process, is bound to affect the world's natural resources market , touching the interests of the developed members in particular, more and more members. The face of changing trade patterns , in order to safeguard the vested interests of the developed countries will not stand still , and Chinese resource trade disputes are likely to be more and more.

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Rare supplier shipments increased enthusiasm, dysprosium oxide decreased slightly

Details: Category: Rare Earth News; Published on Monday, 14 April 2014 14:43; Written by HJF; Hits: 1544

From the weekend so far, there is an active market trading of rare earth signs , vendors shipped enthusiasm increases, not now, changes in market prices . Part of the business to reflect the price of dysprosium products decreased slightly , due to limited demand by the downstream buyers willingness to accept the goods less expensive , currently dysprosium oxide and dysprosium iron quote decreased slightly , Ganzhou area with a ticket price of dysprosium oxide concentrate at 1.7 million yuan / ton , the relative position of 1.75 million yuan last week high / ton offer significantly down, while dysprosium iron Quote relatively down to about 1.75 million yuan / ton, higher offer is still 1.8 million .

Praseodymium neodymium products offer relatively stable, praseodymium , neodymium metal is currently with votes at about 425,000 yuan / ton, praseodymium , neodymium oxide with votes 330,000 yuan / ton , the market outlook for praseodymium , neodymium , businesses still have positive expectations that until purchasing and storage before execution , may still rise . Gadolinium products are currently no major adjustment in the price of basic , comprehensive market feedback gadolinium oxide with tickets currently 155,000 yuan / ton, slightly higher gadolinium iron with votes out of about 1.3-1.5 thousand.

Baotou Rare Earth Stock Exchange following the launch of neodymium oxide, praseodymium oxide, cerium and europium oxide traded stock , has launched seven other oxides Exchange. To open - look flat plate price and the market price or slightly higher open - late this oxide prices rose 7 different ranges , as of 14:00 yttria rose to a lesser extent , volume is also only 200 kg ; higher dysprosium , terbium, lutetium oxide or volume display were more than 1 ton . As of 14:00 dysprosium oxide prices rose to 1,930 yuan / kg , terbium oxide rose to 3735 yuan / kg , lutetium oxide 9,860 yuan / kg.

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Rare lose anyway, source management waits for no man

Details: Category: Rare Earth News; Published on Friday, 11 April 2014 17:39; Written by HJF; Hits: 1668

With the preliminary results of the US-Japan EU lawsuit against China's rare earth export quota management measures instituted other related products, World Trade Organization (WTO) ruled against China. In accordance with rules of the World Trade Organization if China is no longer appeal or final results remain unchanged, China will have to abolish export duties, export quotas and other management measures.

Since China adopted to raise export tariffs, reducing export quotas and raising the minimum export price of three restrictive means obviously not in conformity with WTO rules, the results of this trade dispute has long been expected to insiders, the corporate level have taken measures in advance with a digest of the ruling to adverse effects. Little hope in the case of a successful appeal, how to deal with before becoming China's rare earth industry is imperative to improve the resource tax, strengthen the management of production processes is currently perhaps the most effective measures.

Insiders, plaguing China's rare earth industry has two "troubles." First, China's rare earth industry chain is very short, the real high value-added chain is the end product, but the level of deep processing varies greatly, which is still rare in China to sell primary products, which in turn also to thousands of times the price from Foreign buying deep-processing products. Assistant President of China Minmetals Mr Wang's remarks earlier interview, revealed the rare earth deep processing industry in the field of short board: "The dollar's rare earth materials, we roughing up to sell 10 yuan, 20 yuan, to the U.S. and Europe made products We must spend 1,000 yuan to buy back. "

Another "bothering" is caused by a duplication of serious excess capacity. China's rare earth processing enterprises concentrated in NdFeB, luminescent materials and NiMH batteries three industries, high-tech industries rarely dabbled in other applications. Rare earth deep processing industry homogeneity, not only severely restricts the development of rare-earth applications, a large number of investment projects also contributed to the same overcapacity is serious.

2014, the State Council approved the formation of a national group of large rare earth "1 +5" work program, specifically Northern Steel (Group) Corporation, China Minmetals, Chinalco, Ganzhou Rare Earth, rare earths and Guangdong, respectively, led to further promote mergers Xiamen Tungsten reorganization, the formation of large rare earth enterprise groups. This six companies will be spliced into the new map of China Rare Earth, in the long run, the rare earth industry is facing overcapacity and field processing applications is expected to gradually ease the difficulties faced.

But in the short term, the entire rare earth industry, in addition to the regular production, there is a big part of selfishness mine, a Baotou Rare Earth corporate executives said. And because the primary products subject to quota restrictions, some countries began to take up plants in China in the guise of resource exports. To strengthen the management of production processes is particularly important. Some netizens suggested that the United States can learn from the experience, name of environmental protection, a substantial increase of rare earth resources tax, increase production costs and the cost of rare earth exports to Europe and the United States were flat, after the world's rare earth market balance, Europe and Japan will not then forced China to sell rare earths.

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Great Western Mining begin rare earth separation memorandum

Details: Category: Rare Earth News; Published on Monday, 14 April 2014 14:38; Written by HJF; Hits: 1590

Great Western Minerals Group Ltd. announced the start of the implementation of a non-binding memorandum of understanding , this memo as " an internationally recognized supplier " for the rare earth separation services.

With the company's production process SKK rare earth project design review and improvement , the memorandum also requires technical support and timely follow-up.

Chairman and CEO of Great Western Mining , Marc LeVier commented :

Seek all alternatives as soon as possible so that our production has been included in our goal to reduce the capital requirements before , reducing SKK rare earths project risk. This initial agreement to set up an appropriate framework, we honor the commitment to continue the discussion SKK needed for the production of a comprehensive separation costs. Metals from mining to achieve complete memoranda of understanding and concrete measures are possible subsequent contract satisfactorily .

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Long way to go to promote new energy vehicles, rare earth pollution into a new exam

Details: Category: Rare Earth News; Published on Friday, 11 April 2014 17:33; Written by HJF; Hits: 1600

Rare is called "industrial vitamins' extensive use in military, electronics and other industries, is an important strategic mineral resources. As the rare earth mining operation is simple, low cost, resulting in excessive exploitation of rare earth enterprises, indiscriminate deforestation seriously, with backward production technology, inadequate facilities and lack of environmental management and ecological restoration of environmental protection facilities, water and soil caused a very major environmental pollution.

During the extraction of rare earths, rare earth on the one hand the formation of sulfuric acid and ammonium hydroxide in the soil, and then after precipitation of oxalic acid or ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate or rare earth oxalate into a rare earth, which is substantially completed from mining to Take mine the whole process is left in the soil sulfate and ammonium ion - the main component of fertilizer, but if the concentration is too high, the plant's roots will be burned. On the other hand, the remaining tailings still contain many heavy metals, along with erosion into surface and groundwater, seriously affecting the drinking water sources of local residents and agricultural irrigation water.

According to the environmental protection department estimates, the rare earth industry each year produces tailings amounted to thousands of tons of pollutants which have exceeded ten times the national emission standards.

According to the topography factor contaminated areas (ground slope, soil thickness, soil material composition, irrigation), soil physical properties (density, dispersion coefficient, the initial infiltration rate, porosity), soil chemical properties (pH, water-soluble calcium content, NPK content), biological factors (activity, total microbial respiration) and other indicators to determine the main limiting factor affecting soil remediation and restoration of vegetation in the area. Combined with local climatic conditions and domestic and foreign soil remediation of pollution control technology and other relevant information to determine the content of the works and the general idea.

First, select Survey conducted soil pollution monitoring, and land formation on the basis of the monitoring results of the investigation on the one hand, to select a different method of heavy metal enrichment plant species and soil heavy metal pollution control to carry out the work, on the other hand to select different soil remediation agents Governance restoration of contaminated soils. Implementation steps are divided into: the status of soil survey, soil sampling and analysis, soil environmental assessment, restoration design, restoration program implementation.

In recent years, concerns about soil pollution prevention rare earth mine continues to heat up, some of the first real efforts have been made to the region. National ministries are actively filling policy gaps, technology, policies and regulations, a number of pollution prevention and control, is expected to be introduced in the near future. We can say that the rare earth mine soil remediation will face challenges and better opportunities for development.

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