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Chinese Foreign enough to sell rare earths, China's foreign why not to sell

Details: Category: Rare Earth News; Published on Tuesday, 15 April 2014 14:30; Written by HJF; Hits: 1565

On the rare earths issue, China is really a "monopoly of resources , to raise prices bullies " do? Obviously not .

The so-called rare earths , is Mendeleev's periodic table of the last 17 rare elements collectively , the international trade of rare earth today , almost China to other countries to sell rare earths , rare earths and rare earth application level major importing countries is much higher than China , and unceremoniously technology blockade against China . It is particularly worth mentioning is that the advantages of the United States and other countries on the application of rare earth embodied in military technology as the forerunner in the field of high-precision -guided , satellite, detection, communications, laser and so on. In addition, because they do not control pricing and export of primary products are the most primitive , Chinese exports of rare earth price per kilogram was cheaper to just 18 yuan , while the international market price of up to $ 1,000 / kg. According to Chinese experts as saying that China sold the gold price of potatoes .

China WTO Research Association, Zhou , "Global Times" said rare earths are non-renewable resources, we dug sale of own resources , then the future will not buy from others is the price. In 2009, China began to adjust the rare earth export policy .

June 2010 , the United States , Japan and Europe to " Chinese monopoly of rare earths ," the anxiety reaches a climax , "Global Times" reporter went to the world's largest rare earth mine , located in Baotou, Inner Mongolia 's Bayan Obo interview. Where both felt " in the Middle East has oil , China has rare earths " advantage , but also rare earth mining site to see the enormous damage to the environment . Reporters saw at a local area of about 11 square kilometers of tailings , in fact, an artificial lake , surrounded by some of the many tailings water and sewage into the lake of rare earth giant , not only threaten the environment , Heavenly strong wind Shihai radioactive dust, causing the lake water leakage and surrounding land salinization. Therefore, a number of villages around the lake forced relocation .

" New York Times " on the 26th , said the Chinese government at the time of the complaint emphasized the environmental impact of the above , showing the result of rare earth production " scarred land ," the Chinese foreign rare earth companies also hope to be able to set up factories in the territory of China , the Chinese side to increase employment and transfer of technology to China . But critics argue that China is monopolized by foreign companies forced into submission . Swiss " New Zurich newspaper" reported on the 27th in the first instance for China WTO said something fair, when ruling, the article said , the working group is to make a decision by the United States , Japan and the EU jointly established , a team member said , China restrictions on exports of rare earths is reasonable .

" We need something that China must be a sufficient amount of the sale , we are entitled to something China does not need to sell , this logic is that world trade rules do it? " Turning to the United States , Japan and Europe to the WTO lawsuit against China's rare earth monopoly , one of the" China Rare Earth industry Global Times "interview, the reaction is very strong . But Chinese experts say , the year in accordance with China 's WTO commitments , China for more than 80 tariff lines may impose export tariffs , but not in the rare earths can be taxed , and a Chinese export taxes on rare indeed violated its WTO commitments , which more or less than a decade ago people do not realize about the importance of rare earth resources . China cites Article 20 of the GATT , " the conservation of exhaustible natural resources escape clause" to defend and advocate measures to comply with China's WTO advocates sustainable development goals, but the defense has not been supported by the WTO panel report .

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Ma Lianhua: New energy vehicles to promote the new exam rare earth pollution

Details: Category: Rare Earth News; Published on Tuesday, 15 April 2014 14:27; Written by HJF; Hits: 1529

New energy vehicles , especially pure electric vehicles because they do not fuel , less emissions , become synonymous with environmentally friendly fashion . However, the upstream and downstream industry chain will bring pollution may surprise people . For the pollution generated by new energy vehicles , most people understand the current generation of pollution is : that although the process of using electric cars to achieve a zero- emissions, power generation plants has caused severe dust pollution . Especially in China , more than 75% of its electricity from coal power generation, no less than the dangers of pollution gasoline combustion .

In fact , the new energy vehicle industry chain downstream pollution caused by much more than that . For example , the use of new energy vehicle batteries , in the production process will produce pollution. Graphite is the constituent elements of the electric car lithium batteries , there are foreign media said , per pure electric car contains about 50 kg of graphite , containing about 10 kg of hybrid , electric bicycles containing about 1 kg , notebooks containing about 100 grams , the phone contains about 15 grams. Graphite manufacturing process will contain large amounts of heavy metals discharged highly acidic wastewater , contaminated farmland and drinking water, graphite dust floating into the air will cause "Black Rain " and the haze phenomenon .

Currently , lithium batteries have become the mainstream choice of new energy vehicles , but still the majority of low-speed electric vehicles in the use of lead-acid batteries, lead-acid battery production process will generate a lot of lead dust , lead acid mist , waste water, waste gas . Lead is a toxic heavy metal that can enter the body through the respiratory and digestive systems , can also lead to babies through breast milk embryos and poisoning . Lead enters the human body , can diffuse from the blood into the soft tissues and organs of the body , and ultimately into the bones and teeth , resulting in major diseases .

Improper recycling of used batteries will produce more pollution. Used batteries contain cadmium , lead, mercury , nickel, zinc , manganese, etc. , will affect seed germination and growth , resulting in pollution of rivers, lakes, sea and other water bodies , where the cadmium, lead , mercury would be more interested in bring great harm to the human body . Data show that a small lithium coin can contaminate 600,000 liters of water. Similarly, the lead-acid battery if mishandled , the greater harm.

Rare chronic pollution is another new energy vehicles can not be avoided . Rare is called " industrial vitamins ' extensive use in military, electronics and other industries , is an important strategic mineral resources. Batteries and new energy rare earth permanent magnet motor cars also use rare earth materials . For example, some high-performance electric vehicle equipped with synchronous motor on the use of rare earth materials .

However, the rare earth ore open pit mining process will produce radioactive pollution , heavy metals, fluoride , ammonia and sulfate pollution, recycling of resources , the surrounding atmosphere , plants, aquatic ecosystems , soil environment has potential hazards. Some areas also because overexploitation of rare earth , causing landslides , river blockage, sudden environmental pollution and other events. After the rare earth mining , mine environment restoration and management is also a heavy burden.

Rare minerals Chaoshan region is very rich. 2013 , due to a lawless region of Guangdong Lufeng illegal mining of rare earth , resulting in a number of villages around the water undrinkable . 2011 , also because of a rare earth mining Chaoshan area of environmental pollution , caused by local villagers and fight illegal mining . Local villagers told reporters that because of pollution caused by illegal mining of rare earth , they did not dare to drink water Curry , near the Castle became the Loess Plateau . Kids go swimming in the river bathing has become memories.

Another concern is that China 's rare earth resources face depletion problem. State Council Information Office published in 2012 , " China 's rare earth conditions and policies ," the white paper said China's rare earth reserves account for 23 percent of global reserves, has supplied 90% of global demand . After half a century of mining super strength , China's reserves of rare earth resources and the protection of life continue to decline, decay accelerating major mining resources , most of the existing mining resources depletion .

White Paper For example, Baotou rare earth ore mining resources remaining major 1/ 3 , Southern ionic rare earth ore reserve-production ratio has been 20 years ago to the current 50 15 . In view of this , if a large -scale promotion of new energy vehicles , it is not only rare earth mining will become a stumbling block pollution caused by rare earth is a strategic non-renewable resources , depletion of rare earth will also affect the production of new energy vehicles , as oil depletion will draw fuel vehicles on the same period .

Face generation of pollution , the industry 's response is that the new energy vehicles during the day and electricity at night to charge , you can reserve the power grid can not fully use , reduce energy consumption, while , to promote wind power and hydroelectric power and other green energy . The face of pollution and recycling pollution caused by battery production , the country has developed a unified approach to battery recycling management , and greatly enhance battery production and recycling technology. For the rare earth mineral depletion of the country 's current practice is strictly managed rare earth mining , improve the comprehensive utilization , regulate the export price.

Anyway , enough battery energy density , inadequate facilities , state subsidies and other factors are not in place just dominant disorder promotion of new energy vehicles , battery pollution , the pollution caused by the mining of raw materials and resource depletion, may be hidden behind the scenes bigger stumbling block . How these hurdle crossed , will test the wisdom and courage to promote new energy vehicles persons .

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April 14, 2014 market price of rare earth products

Details: Category: Rare Earth News; Published on Monday, 14 April 2014 15:02; Written by HJF; Hits: 1513

April 14, 2014 market price of rare earth products

Name	Specifications	Origin / Mark	Reference Price	Average	Change
Rare earth carbonate	REO 42.0-45.0%	Domestic	24000-25000 yuan / ton	24500	0
Lanthanum oxide	La2O3/TREO 99.5-99.9%	Domestic	21000-22000 yuan / ton	21500	0
Cerium oxide	CeO2/TREO 99.5-99.9%	Domestic	21000-22000 yuan / ton	21500	0
Praseodymium oxide	Pr6O11/TREO 99.0-99.9%	Domestic	570000-580000 yuan / ton	575000	0
Neodymium oxide	Nd2O3/TREO 99.0-99.9%	Domestic	315000-325000 yuan / ton	320000	0
Samarium oxide	Sm2O3/TREO 99.5-99.9%	Domestic	17500-18500 yuan / ton	18000	0
Europium oxide	Eu2O3/TREO 99.95-99.99%	Domestic	4000-4200 yuan / kg	4100	0
Gadolinium oxide	Gd2O3/TREO 99.5-99.9%	Domestic	150000-160000 yuan / ton	155000	0
Terbium oxide	Tb4O7/TREO 99.95-99.99%	Domestic	3000-3200 yuan / kg	3100	0
Dysprosium oxide	Dy2O3/TREO 99.5-99.9%	Domestic	1650-1750 yuan / kg	1700	0
Erbium oxide	Er2O3/TREO 99.5-99.9%	Domestic	320000-330000 yuan / ton	325000	0
Yttria	Y2O3/TREO 99.995-99.999%	Domestic	55000-60000 yuan / ton	57500	0
Praseodymium , neodymium oxide	(Nd2O3 + Pr6O11) / TREO ≥ 75.0%	Domestic	315000-325000 yuan / ton	320000	0
Metal lanthanum	La / TREM ≥ 99.0%	Domestic	48000-52000 yuan / ton	50000	0
Metal cerium	Ce / TREM ≥ 99.0%	Domestic	56000-58000 yuan / ton	57000	0
Metal Pr	Pr / TREM 96.0-99.0%	Domestic	800000-840000 yuan / ton	820000	0
Neodymium	Nd / TREM 99.0-99.9%	Domestic	405000-425000 yuan / ton	415000	0
Metal terbium	Tb / TREM ≥ 99.9%	Domestic	4400-4600 yuan / kg	4500	0
Dysprosium	Dy / TREM ≥ 99%	Domestic	2400-2600 yuan / kg	2500	0
Metal yttrium	Y / TREM 99.9-99.95%	Domestic	270-290 yuan / kg	280	0
Lanthanum cerium metal	Ce / TREM ≥ 65.0% TREM ≥ 98.5%	Domestic	40000-42000 yuan / ton	41000	0
Praseodymium neodymium metal	Pr / TREM 20-25% Nd / TREM 75-80% TREM ≥ 98.5%	Domestic	410000-420000 yuan / ton	415000	0
Praseodymium , neodymium and dysprosium metal	TREM ≥ 99.0%	Domestic	415000-425000 yuan / ton	420000	0
Battery grade mixed rare earth	TREM ≥ 99.0% Nd / TREM ≥ 15%	Domestic	135000-145000 yuan / ton	140000	0
Dy alloy	Dy80%	Domestic	1700000-1800000 yuan / ton	1750000	0

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Anyuan County RE abandoned mine geological environment comprehensive management project was officially launched

Details: Category: Rare Earth News; Published on Tuesday, 15 April 2014 14:25; Written by HJF; Hits: 1529

Recently, the Ministry of Finance , Ministry of Land Resources , Ministry of livelihood projects focus on three ministries - Anyuan County Gang Kawasaki - LT narrow - gong abandoned nest of rare earth mine geological environment governance project officially started.

The total investment of 36.66 million yuan , the main governance contents are: mine geological disaster control engineering , topography renovation project , build drainage works , soil pollution control projects, and other vegetation .

The project is the national ministries to implement the " State Council on support Gannan and other former Soviet Central revitalization and development ," the specific initiatives , the implementation of the project can solve the historical destruction of abandoned rare earth mine geological environment problems , the project is expected to be completed early in 2015 .

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Zhang Anwen: how to strengthen the management of rare earth export five suggestions

Details: Category: Rare Earth News; Published on Monday, 14 April 2014 14:56; Written by HJF; Hits: 1633

On how to strengthen the management of rare earth exports , Zhang Anwen gives five suggestions : First , strengthen enterprise resource integration , improve the comprehensive utilization of resources , and promote the healthy development of rare earth industry . Second, improve the export value-added products , developed patented technology. Third, the export threshold of at least the national environmental protection requirements , through environmental verification and the Ministry of access, in line with national policies to prevent disorderly excess exports. Fourth, look forward to the formation of a diverse, sustainable international rare earth supply system. Foreign dependence on Chinese rare earths produced , will depend on the formation of habits , there will be demanding. If abroad , especially in the heavy rare earth, able to exploit more reliance on Chinese rare earths can be less. Fifth, we should establish a good price formation mechanism, to avoid price roller coaster ups and downs , to be fully considered in the cost of rare earth rare earth environmental management and ecological restoration of basic costs required to form a high and stable price system , and get the price aspects of the right to speak .

"In addition, China express their views to be more in the international arena , to make the international community aware of the efforts made to protect resources and the environment , and actively participate in the development of rules. " Zhang Anwen said," but also attach importance to the role of industry associations and other civil society organizations to price stability , control the volume, and strengthen self-discipline and explore new export management, participation in international trade litigation disputes play an active effect. "

" Rare is the Chinese , but also the world. China has made efforts to protect resources and the ecological fully reflects the WTO about the people, resources , and environmental development requirements of China will continue its efforts in this regard , we are still a long way. " Zhang Anwen said .

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