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Rare cases of refraction China and the world, "far" and "near"

Details: Category: Rare Earth News; Published on Monday, 21 April 2014 14:43; Written by HJF; Hits: 1550

Rare US trade litigation heating up. April 17 , at a news conference held at the Ministry of Commerce spokesman Shen Danyang said China's decision on cross- appeal , " China's rare earth export policy case" to the WTO Dispute Settlement Body .

Establish a strategic resource management system

Department of Commerce International Trade and Economic Cooperation Research Institute researcher Jinbo Song in the interview with this reporter, said that the Chinese presence in terms of system introduced thorough enough rare earth and other issues, the need for further reforms. China as the world's largest trading nation , should establish a positive image for the maintenance of international rules , international responsibility to maintain a clear understanding , in accordance with international rules . Based on our current urgent need to establish a national security , economic security, rare earth and other " strategic resource management system ," and this must be an international rule , largely in line with WTO rules system .

Jinbo Song explained the " strategic resource management system ." This is a set including export controls, strategic resource archiving , enterprise centralized mining, smelting , refining , industrial development and manufacture of high-tech materials to build sales market order and establish a global trading center market , denominated in RMB and a 24-hour spot and futures transaction and fulfill the highest administrative examination and approval procedures , international partners distinction hierarchy . Establish and improve this system , not only can protect and make good use of our precious resources , the development of domestic high-tech materials industry , important for the future development of China's military and civilian industries leave some leeway , you can establish with the United States , Japan, Europe and so on and so on , flexible, differentiated partnership. Jinbo Song made the remarks in an interview to comment on China's rare earth litigation .

China trade, " far" and "near "

Rare lawsuit hustle for a long time , losing to China 's ended. World Trade Organization (WTO) announced March 26 panel report , ruled that China's rare earth export tariffs , tungsten, molybdenum related products taken quota management measures violate WTO regulations. Coincidentally, three months ago , just in 2013 of $ 4.16 trillion of total imports and exports of goods achievements won the title of world trade superpower . Between a happy one sad , get a glimpse of China in the field of trade and the world stage "near " and "far ."

As a budding global trading power , China's influence is growing in the international arena . However, as a 13-year WTO accession emerging developing countries , the international trade arena rules of the game , yet familiar to the ease of the point .

Under normal circumstances , our media will be interpreted as a strategic resource of rare earth . Indeed, such a definition is not accurate.

Jinbo Song suggested " strategic resource " It can be concluded that while China has the world's scarce relative , absolute advantage resource reserves , and can be difficult to replace dual-use rare earth resources and other mineral resources. To meet the definition of resources should be included in the " list of strategic resource management ," in line with international rules establishing strategic resource management system , the implementation of special management .

In Jinbo Song seems to be widely used rare earth laser , solar power, electric cars , smart phones, and weapons manufacturing . Currently, China is the world's largest rare earth refining , processing and exporting countries . China rightfully should stick WTO commitments , adhere to WTO rules . There are exceptions to the WTO principle of security , leading the United States pursuant to the Convention signed the Wassenaar participating countries to implement export controls on China openly , explicitly prohibits exports to China . China may also be granted pursuant to the national implementation of the Wassenaar Convention, such as the United States, Japan and other countries to implement export control regime. " Unfortunately, we do not improve this system. Another example is the U.S. strategy for archiving can be implemented , the strategy of course also be archived on the implementation of strategic resources . " Jinbo Song said .

For our April 17 cross- appeal to the WTO Dispute Settlement Body, Jinbo Song analysts believe that China's application for the second trial , the second trial on the conclusion does not rule out some adjustments.

" cards " need to comply with international rules

Jinbo Song stressed that the domestic rare earth industry needs to clear three principles , in accordance with international rules , " the cards ."

First, a clear ownership of resources . All foreign mineral resources are privately owned , the ownership of clarity . However , China's resource ownership is not clear , it should be clear ownership and exploitation rights and free enterprise resource holder the right to actively implement the principle of freedom of trade and investment with the relevant WTO rules .

The second is a strategic resource archive . Should learn to act in accordance with international rules . The United States currently no taxes on exports of rare earths , and we should not be taxed on the export of rare earths , the U.S. imposed sequestration strategy , we can implement strategies archived.

Third, the security principles . There are national security , economic security concept internationally. WTO believes that security policy is the exception. This principle is also applicable to China . China should set up a bill in view of national security , export controls on dual-use items . Wherever possible for resources , exports of military technology , including some of the rare earths can be used for military , our country can justifiably prohibit exports.

Jinbo Song said the world's rare earth trade 80-90% rely on China , so China should actively seek the right to speak Rare transaction . He also suggested that , first , the rare earth resources through fair trade , concentrated in a small number of enterprises ; Second, the Stock Exchange , the implementation of spot and futures trading 24 hours , the world contribute to the development of free trade ; Third , you can also consider using RMB, to promote cross-border trade in RMB .

" However , to achieve international discourse rare earth and other strategic resources transactions, the need to develop a set of supporting the program , which is not easy. " Jinbo Song says.

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Ningbo rare flashes of low-cost high-performance materials ceramic industry key technology breakthrough

Details: Category: Rare Earth News; Published on Monday, 21 April 2014 14:41; Written by HJF; Hits: 1710

Flashing ceramics are a class of high-energy rays or particles to achieve UV - visible conversion of functional materials , medical imaging, security checks , oil and gas exploration, industrial inspection , and high-energy physics and other fields have a wide range of applications . CT is one of the largest application direction flashing ceramics , modern medical diagnosis as an important means of medical imaging plays an integral role in the diagnosis of cancer , cardiovascular , neurological , orthopedic and many other diseases on . The rare quality of CT imaging , detection efficiency and sensitivity of the detector performance by using direct flash ceramic decision.

Chinese Academy of Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and optoelectronic materials and devices in the researcher江浩川team and the leadership of Jiang Jun , following the 2013 CT flashing around the ceramic nanopowders high sintering activity to optimize the design and preparation of the bulk of the breakthrough (J . Am. Ceram. Soc., 2013, 96 (10), 3038-3041), a low-cost high-performance rare earth flashes in recent industrialization of key technologies in the field of ceramic has achieved a major breakthrough , the successful implementation of large-size ceramic (60 mm × 140 mm) as well as the preparation of stable and controllable precision machining precision detection array. Meanwhile, verified by characterizing the United States, the Czech Republic and other countries and a number of authoritative research and testing organization , the key performance indicators of the team prepared ceramics such as light output , decay time , anti- radiation damage , such as with the international advanced level afterglow gem flashes body similar or better. These new breakthroughs in key technologies will further promote the CT technology provides a solid protection and technical support with the flashing ceramic industry.

Currently, around -related technology has been declared national invention patents 8 ; part of basic research results have been published (IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2014, 61, 301-305; IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2014, 61, 306-311).

The study was planned in Ningbo materials personnel , Ningbo City, 3315 and other funds to support the innovation flagship team .

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April 18, 2014 Market Price of Rare Earth

Details: Category: Rare Earth News; Published on Friday, 18 April 2014 15:28; Written by HJF; Hits: 1560

Rare mainstream market prices continue steady upstream Shouchu mainstream manufacturers because the message has not yet been unwilling cheap shipping , but also because the downstream purchaser demand for light rare purchase , inquiry -based. Supply and demand sides continued stalemate , the rare earth market in short term is difficult to change, but do not rule out some low-cost low-cost shipping companies supplement market .

Dysprosium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax 165-175 yuan / ton, dysprosium iron mainstream manufacturers tax price 170-180 yuan / ton.

Praseodymium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 570,000-580,000 yuan / ton. Neodymium oxide 315,000-325,000 yuan / ton.

Lanthanum oxide manufacturers tax price 21,000-22,000 yuan / ton. Cerium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 21,000-22,000 yuan / ton.

Neodymium oxide, praseodymium mainstream manufacturers tax price 315,000-325,000 yuan / ton , praseodymium , neodymium metal mainstream manufacturers tax price 410,000-420,000 yuan / ton.

Fluorescent europium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 4,000-4,200 yuan / kg. Terbium oxide phosphor grade mainstream manufacturers tax price 3,000-3,200 yuan / kg.

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America, Europe and intended to force other countries to get over-exploitation of rare earth in low

Details: Category: Rare Earth News; Published on Monday, 21 April 2014 14:39; Written by HJF; Hits: 1596

April 17 , China World Trade Organization (WTO) ruling to the organization identified the Chinese rare earth export management measures violations appeal. Ministry of Commerce spokesman Shen Danyang said China will make every effort to appeal to work , regardless of the outcome of the appeal , Chinese protection of resources , environmental policy objectives will not change . For a long time , a lot of countries to protect local resources and the environment , adopt strategies for rare earth mining without closure , while China has only about three percent of the world's rare earth supply over 90% of the global market . China 's dedication did not give proper thanks to the harvest , but because of restrictions on the export of initiatives to protect the environment by some countries at the WTO report .

Long-term low-cost supply of rare earth

Rare earth resources is a key material in many major weapons systems , its most notable feature is the substantial increase in the quality and the performance of other products , known industry " gold" . According to reports, the rich United States, Europe and other Western countries of rare earth resources, but had to stop mining in favor of a large purchase from China . Japan 's total imports of rare earth only 1 / 3 for the production , and the rest is used as a strategic reserve.

Mining and other countries cherish different sellers, while China has a large number of low-cost supply of rare earths to the world . Data from the Ministry of Industry show that China 's rare earth reserves account for 36 percent of the global supply of it accounted for more than 95 percent worldwide. Disorderly exploitation of long-term , China's environment has been severely damaged , mined forest becomes generally sandy , barren farmland , water pollution , waste slag piles up the mountain . In recent years , the government began to strengthen management , the introduction of the export quota policy .

China 's rare earth export restrictions foreign policy upset a lot of cheap Chinese rare earth enjoy a good day , causing them strong dissatisfaction.

According to reports, as early as March 13, 2012 , the United States , the European Union and Japan to resort to WTO dispute settlement mechanism on China's export restrictions on rare earths , tungsten and molybdenum , March 26 this year , the WTO panel report preliminary ruled that the export control measures Chinese products involved violations. April 8 , the United States further in relation to rare cases appealed.

Unjust double standard

Ignoring the status quo of China resource depletion, environmental destruction , and some Western countries only consider themselves completely easy to use rare earths , this "convenience " includes not only the number of abundant, there are cheap.

Chinese exports of rare earth was cheaper to just 18 yuan per kilogram , while the international market prices as high as $ 1,000 / kg. After the implementation of the quota system , China 's rare earth export volumes and prices are no longer fit the original buyer's appetite.

In fact, export restrictions did not affect the use of the international market demand for rare earth . Statistics show that in 2011 China's rare earth export quotas only took 52.01 percent in 2012 was only 48.75% , while in 2013 the total export quota of 24,000 tons of rare earth , rare earth export quota for the year's actual physical product was only 22,900 tons , did not complete the quota . Experts pointed out that Western countries against China not because buy rare , mainly Xiangui , like low-cost access to resources . However , more exploitation of rare earth resources , the less certainly sell more expensive.

On the rare earths , the Chinese pay much more affected have wronged . Some Western countries have turned a deaf ear to blindly request. Experts point out that , WTO extremely strict export controls on certain countries turn a blind eye , but then China to protect the environment , not against any country and the introduction of control measures sentenced violations. This award is equivalent to force China to abandon export restrictions means opting for a higher cost , less efficient otherwise protect their own resources and the environment.

Protection of the environment continue to defend

Unfavorable ruling, China did not flinch , choose to continue to defend in order to protect their homes. In accordance with WTO rules , the panel report released in 60 days , the parties may appeal .

Shen Danyang , the current case is in the trial stage of the Appellate Body , the Chinese side will make every effort to appeals . No matter how the outcome of the appeal , China to protect resources , environmental policy objectives will not change , it will continue to comply with the WTO rules on ways to strengthen the management of resource products , maintain fair competition.

The industry believes that the panel report is questionable. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute of International Law director Liu Jingdong International Economic analysis , one on export taxes , the Chinese government can take advantage of GATT ( GATT ) Article 20 ( general exception provisions on environmental protection ) to defend . The second is about the Chinese government export restrictions. "Some specific points sweeping , and did not accept China's defense. Not because the Chinese side effect appeared less than expected results in the implementation of the measures , the measures would negate itself . It is also unfair to. " Liu Jingdong said.

China continues to appeal even more important is to limit exports of rare earths , China's environmental protection , but also to protect the world's environment . Meanwhile, the preservation of China's resources , but also for the benefit of the world . Experts point out that if we continue like before , as the uncontrolled exploitation of rare earth , mined some varieties may only enough for 20 years. 20 years later, the depletion of some species of humanity will be a huge damage.

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Our on rare appeal to the WTO dispute

Details: Category: Rare Earth News; Published on Friday, 18 April 2014 15:26; Written by HJF; Hits: 1551

After photovoltaic products , following China's rare earth export reignite United States and Europe to China trade disputes. Yesterday, the Ministry of Commerce , said Shen Danyang , the rare case of a dispute , the Chinese side that yesterday's cross- appeal to the WTO on April 17 . He also said that no matter what the outcome , the Chinese environmental protection, environmental policy objectives will not change.

Last year 24,000 tons of rare earth export quotas

March 26, 2014 , World Trade Organization announced the United States, European Union, Japan v. China rare earths , tungsten, molybdenum export management measures related to the case of the panel report , preliminary Chinese products involved in the illegal export management measures .

Preliminary report said that China , including 17 kinds of rare earth materials, such as tungsten and molybdenum export restrictions imposed three . Difference is that on the rare earth export tariffs on raw materials in many forms , and for a certain time period exports imposed quotas, as well as to specific restrictions on the export of these raw materials enterprise rights .

It is reported that the rare earth industry is known as " gold" , widely used in metallurgy , military and other fields. Lin Jian Zhejiang Securities analyst describes the rare earth industry , rare earths, tungsten and molybdenum metal to China's advantage , the Chinese side through export tariffs , export quotas and export restrictions channels in order to achieve the protection of scarce resources and protect the environment .

It is reported that China adopt a quota restrictions on exports of rare earths . Statistics show that the total 2013 export quota of 24,000 tons of rare earth (equivalent to the physical volume of 31,000 tons ) , but the actual annual export quota of rare earth products in kind was only 22,900 tons , the quota has not been completed .

In fact , as early as 2009 , the EU proposed to ask the Chinese to lift export quotas of rare metal products ; 2010 , the United States , Mexico and other countries ED WTO submit a memorandum demanding that the Chinese rare earth export quota system canceled ; 2012 , the United States EU official in WTO proceedings against China's rare earth export quota system .

Deputy Director of the Ministry of Commerce and Law Yang Guohua , said late last month on the case , in accordance with the provisions of the Expert Group after receiving the report , there is a right of appeal within 60 days, the Appellate Body will make a ruling within three months , & ldquo ; currently studying the legal analysis made by the expert group to decide whether to appeal . "

After preliminary defeat China , the United States and further action on April 8 , has been rare in relation to the WTO Dispute Settlement Body case appealed .

China has made cross- appeal

However, China also did not stop trying , and yesterday made a cross appeal to the WTO .

" We note that the United States on April 8 on its appeal my rare earth, tungsten , molybdenum WTO Dispute management measures related to export , appealed to the WTO Dispute Settlement Body , China on April 17 to the WTO Dispute Settlement Body proposed cross- appeal. on " a regular press conference yesterday , said Shen Danyang .

Shen Danyang , the current case is in the trial stage of the Appellate Body , the Chinese side will make every effort to appeals . No matter how the outcome of the appeal , China to protect resources , environmental policy objectives will not change , it will continue to comply with the WTO rules on ways to strengthen the management of resource products , maintain fair competition.

"It is worth noting that the WTO members to respect the sovereignty of natural resources , accreditation resources , environmental policy objectives , this has been reflected in the report of the Expert Group were . "In this regard , Shen Danyang expressed optimism .

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