China is rich in rare earth resources, which account for 23% of the world and supply with more than 90% to it. China has made a great contribution in this regard. However, it brings a series of problems at the same time, such as ruining the resources and polluting the environment, which is not consistent with the scientific concept of development and also, not sustainable.

Li Yizhong, the member of the CPPCC and also the former Minister of Industry and infomationization Department, believed that China is undoubtedly responsible for rectifing the rare earth industry, the abuse and indiscriminate digging of the resources, as well as rectifing the various contradictions in the refinement and usage of rare earth resources. China will continue to firmly integrate the rare earth industry and combine those enterprises of over-abundance, scatter, tiny and indiscrimination into the backbone of the rare earth industry by elimination of outdated, reorganization and merger, which is in line with the practice of the economic laws.


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"Rare earth prices fall too low, and the development of the industry is extremely unfavorable. Member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute deputy chief engineer Li Wei in an interview with reporters, issued such a feeling. He hoped to be able to cause the relevant state departments to attach importance to prevent rare earth prices spike.
    
"The so-called rice farm prices are low, this sentence applies equally in the rare earth industry," Li Wei pointed out that the application of rare earth in the emerging industries of strategic and defense industry, is an important manifestation of its strategic value. I understand that, since adjust from August 2011, China's rare earth prices have continued to adjust about 17 months, a decrease of over 80%, the current price of rare earth has been close to or even below the cost line. This price level is not conducive to the development of the industry is not conducive to the rational development and utilization of valuable rare earth resources.
    
The rare earth industry chain is longer, to the device from the concentrates of rare earth, rare earth salts, rare earth oxides, rare earth new materials, devices, complex products. Moreover, the more downstream more dispersed, each grade the degree of dispersion is increased exponentially, a very broad area of influence and lead the industry.
    
At present, the mainstream of rare earth new materials including magnetic materials, hydrogen storage materials, luminescent materials, catalytic materials and polishing materials, and application areas are strategic and emerging industries of our country.
    
The development of rare earth resources and materials related to the restructuring and upgrading of the structure of China's overall industrial strategy, but also related to the enhancement of national competitiveness. Li Wei pointed out that the soaring rare earth prices will affect the smooth development of the industry, the impact of frequency conversion motor, magnetic resonance imaging and other high-end equipment manufacturing industry, and now the price collapse would affect the sustainable development of the rare earth industry. For this reason, it is recommended that the relevant state departments of this attention, and take effective measures to improve industrial concentration, and other means to strengthen guidance and governance.

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The rare earth market rumors two days have metal manufacturers to raise prices, Rare Earth the traders also reflect rare earth prices rose slightly. It is understood that most of the traders are still waiting to see, yet to raise its offer, most of the rare earth product prices steady.

Traders reflect Baotou lanthanum, cerium oxide prices slightly raised, a small range. Lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide tax price is still 40,000 yuan / ton. The praseodymium oxide market offer slightly improved, the traders offer 350,000 yuan / ton rose to 36-38 million / ton, but high turnover is still less. It is understood that the the metal neodymium manufacturers to raise its offer, years ago included reported 420,000 yuan / ton metal neodymium tax reported 440,000 yuan / ton.

Praseodymium, neodymium, gadolinium iron prices are still strong steady, most hold stocks praseodymium neodymium metal tax reported 40 yuan / ton, still holding goods Handelsblatt 395,000 yuan / ton, excluding tax 33.5-34 million / ton, of gadolinium iron tax 160,000 yuan / ton 14 yuan / ton, not including tax. Neodymium oxide, praseodymium market slightly transaction, the market mainstream tax price of 310,000 yuan / ton, excluding tax 26-26.5 yuan / ton, the industry reflects the neodymium oxide, praseodymium tax 320,000 yuan / ton traded turnover of the price surge. The market price of gadolinium oxide is still steady, stable market supply, market tax 135,000 yuan / ton.

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Japan from April started a new system, recycling small household appliances waste, each local government to actively promote the recycling of rare metals such as. The survey shows that Japan's Ministry of the Environment, the local government plans to introduce such a system only stay in total more than 30% of the level.

Small home appliances, such as mobile phone and computer scrap contains valuable resources such as precious metals and gold, but the recycling work but slow progress. To reverse this situation, a new system will start in April, small household appliances waste that is recovered by local government, and then handed over to the relevant plant extract rare metals and other resources in order to promote recycling work.

Before the start of this system, the Japanese Ministry of Environment in November last year, the country's cities, towns and villages such as objects, which conducted a survey on whether or not to implement this system. Results in the 1701 local government to give a reply, said that the intention of the implementation of the local government is only 575 remain in a total of 33.8% of the low level.

Ministry of the Environment also asked to answer no plans to implement this system, the local government cited reason the plural form of the results, the answer is "garbage collection and processing work conducted jointly by a number of local governments, and therefore need to be adjusted," 45% answered "difficult to implement due to the shortage of manpower and other reasons, "the proportion of 43%; 33% the proportion of the budget difficult to answer. To this end, the Ministry of the Environment, said local governments will provide financial assistance and more local governments will continue to urge the implementation of this new system.

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According to Malaysia on the 28th, Australia Linus announced on the 27th, and has successfully produced the first batch of rare earth finished its rare earth plant in Kuantan, Pahang.

It is learned that the Lynas in November last year, the Malaysian Government's temporary operating permits, the protests of local environmentalists and residents, the rare earth ore shipped from Australia in November last year, arrived in Kuantan.

Lynas in Kuantan construction of the world's largest rare earth refinery covers an area of about 20 hectares, invested 800 million U.S. dollars to build, will produce 22,000 tons of rare earth, able to meet about 1/3 of the world demand, world rare earth trade market structure have a significant impact. China's current world consumption of rare earth exports accounted for 95%.

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The crown of some foreign media that the two sessions held for decades the most important meeting of 2013, the market for the General Assembly to tell the metal market and what impact a variety guess.

First, we briefly recall the history. Opening two sessions in 2012 when the price of copper is at a high level during the meeting only in the range of smaller shocks, but nearly a month later at the end of the meeting Powei down. Rebar prices are also soon in two sessions after started a more substantial decline. 2012 NPC and CPPCC Shanghai Futures Exchange copper prices fell 1.7% Total. During the two sessions held in 2011, the Shanghai Futures Exchange copper futures prices cumulative decline of more than 7%. Only from the results of these two statistical point of view, the two sessions did not seem to be able to the metal to promote the real meaning of good the final market performance was significantly weaker.

For this year's two sessions will be talking about economic policy, the focus of the market is mainly concentrated in the industrial development and monetary policy. Will during the meeting will discuss environmental policies, energy policies, as well as new economic development objectives and the expected level of inflation is generally expected.

Environmental policy and industrial policy in terms of energy, steel and non-ferrous metals industries are high-polluting industries in the traditional sense. Two sessions held in the fog and haze of a large area of ​​North China before the end of the case, one can imagine that will bring the future development of high-polluting enterprises variables. Capacity in general is also a low-cost production capacity due to high pollution, environmental pollution control of the metal industry is very likely to accelerate the rising cost of steel and non-ferrous metal production. But we need to pay attention to the message itself may produce some short-term impact on the market price, but the rise in the cost of production will eventually transfer to the market price will be a very long process.

Compared to the industrial policy, the most direct and guide the metal prices or economic growth targets and the expected level of inflation, as well as financial and monetary policy. The leading bodies of the two sessions will produce the new session of the national institutions, investors for the new policy also prone to more conjecture.

Current message, the vast majority of the predictions are that this year's economic growth target will be around 7.5%, unchanged from 2012. Despite the U.S. economic recovery is becoming more and more determined, the traditional China's largest export objects in Europe is still living in the quagmire, in the case of export is not effectively recover, even if it is to increase the scale of investment in fixed assets, to achieve 7.5% economic growth target is still not easy, so we believe that ultimately the economic growth target will not significantly deviate from this level. The fixed assets investment scale further expansion should undoubtedly meetings, but to expand the magnitude determine the scale of demand for the metal. As the financial pressure faced by the local government, the new government has not yet completed that seek the possibility of substantial expansion of investment in fixed assets is very small in the case of local government financing platform rectification. The final GDP growth target is recognized as about 7.5%, so obviously not achieve a decisive boost to all kinds of metal right now ubiquitous high inventory.

From a monetary policy point of view towards further clarified in the level of inflation, the central bank apparently will not easily change the current cautious attitude. Although the mainstream view is that the earlier Central Economic Work Conference signals given this year's economic development goals "steady partial loose" monetary policy, but in the years since, the central bank accumulated from the open market to return the funds nearly trillion yuan, funds face steadily tightening trend reversed sharply in the short term the possibility is very small, not enough to make the metal market currency environment is a fundamental change.

We believe that the metal market during the two sessions due to the probability of strong policy reasons, investors should not have too high expectations of the "two sessions Quotes. The government policy also is limited by a number of objective conditions, blindly expect massive investment-led economic growth, driven by the rise in commodity prices is likely to be disappointed.

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Research in Japan, said earlier in South Bird Island in the Pacific waters of undersea discovery of a large number of rare earth ore concentration is very high, some element concentration is 30 times higher than China's rare earth mine in southern. Japanese experts also said that these rare earth mine as a high possibility that a large number of mining resources.

Last year, the research team of the University of Tokyo in Japan South Bird Island exclusive economic zone mud found a large number of rare earth ore, last month, the research team once again went to the scene to investigate. The survey found that the rare earth concentrations as high as 5000 meters above sea bottom mud 6000PPM. Dysprosium elements integral concentration which produced environmentally friendly cars 20 rare earth mine in southern China for IT equipment of terbium elements and for LED lighting equipment europium element concentrations are 16 rare earth mine in southern China and 35 times.

Kato Thai ho, professor at the University of Tokyo, said the high concentration of rare earth ore mining high possibility as a resource in the top of the undersea. World and not in the 5000 meters in the ultra-deep sea resource exploitation precedent, METI will future mining technology research.
 

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The monthly Rare Earths MMI® continued its nosedive, dropping three points to register a value of 43 in February, a decrease of 6.5 percent.

What makes this month’s reading interesting, though, has little to do with the headline number and more to do with which metals within the complex led the rout –in particular, yttria, terbium oxide, rare earth carbonate, praseodymium oxide, neodymium oxide, europium oxide and dysprosium oxide.

The other half of the metals within the index actually posted price gains, including neodymium, praseodymium neodymium, and lanthanum oxide, among others. However, neodymium has now also dropped in price, since the monthly MMI reading on Feb. 1.

Rare earth analysts have reported that Chinese rare earth export numbers remain problematic, in that different Chinese sources have published different numbers.

Regardless of which numbers one looks at, rare earth prices have dropped because more supply has and will continue to come on-stream, including from Lynas, who as of this writing may have just cleared its last legal hurdle and will commence operations in Malaysia this month.

Until/unless China itself creates more of its own demand for rare earth metals, Chinese rare earth producers’ net profits will continue to slide. And prices may continue to do the same.

Primary Price Drivers of the Rare Earths Index

Dysprosium oxide prices plummeted 15.1 percent for the month. Terbium oxide prices fell nearly as hard, plunging 12 percent.

The price of neodymium oxide fell 9.4 percent. The europium oxide price was down 2.2 percent for the month.

Meanwhile, the price of yttrium increased a slight 0.3 percent. Prices for lanthanum oxide followed suit, rising 0.3 percent, as did neodymium, terbium metal and cerium oxide.
 

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PROFESSOR of Supra-molecular Chemistry and Dean of the Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences at the University of the West Indies Dr Ishenkumba Kahwa says Jamaica's venture into the extraction of rare earth metals from red mud presents exciting prospects for high-end jobs.

"The beautiful thing about the project is that it has the potential to generate high calibre jobs; there is extraction, making of products, separation of the rare earth elements. There are about 17 of them; the kind of skill we are going to need is quite interesting; so it will attract high-value jobs, so we are very excited about it," Professor Kahwa told the Jamaica Observer following Monday's ground-breaking ceremony for the US$3-million pilot plant to be constructed on the premises of the Jamaica Bauxite Institute (JBI) at Hope Gardens in St Andrew.

Professor Kahwa also expressed confidence that Jamaica had the expertise to staff the project, which will be shared jointly with personnel from Japanese company Nippon Light Metals who are funding the effort.

"We do have capacity, [as] in my own research group we have trained about 13 PhD graduates, and a good number of those are on rare earth chemistry; so we have people to manage the chemistry. We have students who are in the system. Now, once they know jobs will open up they will be sufficiently excited, so the capacity is here," he told the Observer.

"What we are seeing today is an excellent opportunity for us to be able not only to exploit our own resource, but we have the expertise that can be directed towards preparation and development of materials that are of high value," he added.

In the meantime, Professor Kahwa, who has been on the cutting edge of research in the area, said the project's potential impact on the environment was negligible.

"There are environmental concerns, but they are not concerns that we cannot manage, I am not worried in the least about that," he said.

In the meantime, he said the University of the West Indies, and Jamaica by extension, was no stranger to the subject area. "Our work at the University of the West Indies has spanned quite a period of time. I came here 1987 and the university was already involved in the research on rare earths, looking at basically the composition and the potential and so forth. There were other players as well, ALCAN (aluminium producer) was doing a lot of work. In fact, they have a patent for the extraction of rare earth from red mud," Professor Kahwa said.

He, however, noted that Jamaica's extraction work in the early 90s was short-lived because of China's trade which had the lion share of the industry.

"The Chinese have deposits in this stuff, they really flooded the market and the prices of rare earth went down substantially; so we shifted gears from extracting the metals to value-added products. So we have been making materials that can be used in biomedicine for diagnostic purposes, as catalysts, as laser material things like that," Professor Kahwa said.

With China's present state, however, Jamaica's window of opportunity might be bigger, he pointed out.

"They (China) have environmental issues and therefore they have restricted their imports, and hence the price of rare earth has gone back up again. Not only that, but if you need large quantities you might have a challenge sourcing those. So areas that were not particularly attractive, such as rare earths in red mud, are now attractive as a source of those elements. The price of it now is sufficiently good to actually warrant efforts to try and extract it," Professor Kahwa told the Observer.

Meanwhile, he said Jamaica would still have to work on creating niche markets. "... We have to optimise that process, because the Chinese are still there with their very cheap source, there are other countries like Australia, Africa and America that have some, so the question is how we actually put things in a way that actually is economical and makes money for us," Professor Kahwa said.
 

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CHAIRMAN and Executive Director of the Jamaica Bauxite Institute Dr Parris A Lyew-Ayee has assured that "unlike in many other countries where rare earth minerals are mined with severe negative impacts on the environment ... the Jamaican scenario is completely different".

Speaking during Monday's groundbreaking project for the US$3-million pilot plant at the institute's Hope Gardens home in St Andrew, the chairman said the process of extraction would be compatible with the environment.

 "Very importantly, we are also stewards of the environment. Our red mud deposits are located in well-engineered and managed containment ponds. Dried mud will then be harvested from these ponds for processing here at our pilot plant so there will be no mining operations and related pressures on the environment. The dried mud will then be neutralised before extraction of the rare elements," he explained.

The JBI executive director said the "neutralised non-toxic tailings will then be returned to a properly sealed containment pond, which is planned to be used to recover other minerals such as iron and titanium".

"We know it can be done," he added, noting that the launch was "a most auspicious day in the history of Jamaica and marks a new beginning".

Noting that Jamaica had ventured into the area several times before, but pulled back because of financial constraints, Lywe-Ayee said he strongly believed that "meaningful incentives should be granted to serious investors who would like to partner with us in these research and development exercises".

Scientists here have been able to extract the rare earth oxide from red mud in laboratories, but it's now time to take the next step, accoring to the JBI head.

"...Over the past year we have sampled, analysed and characterised the red mud in various locations and we are very satisfied with the results... Now we need to move on to the next step on a plant scale to ensure the commercial viability of this process. I do not need to emphasise the vast market that exists for the rare earth as it is still growing and growing exponentially," he said, counteracting arguments that Jamaica would be hardpressed to find a viable market since China currently controls some 97 per cent of the trade.

As far as the JBI head is concerned "the elusive bridge which we now must cross is how to efficiently and commercially extract the rare earth from the red mud here in Jamaica".

"We insist on that and our partners agree for it to be processed here as far downstream as we can to be able to have better benefits. We earnestly hope that the path to full commercial production will be cleared by this venture," he added.

Government announced plans to establish the pilot two weeks ago. It is being undertaken in partnership with researchers from Japanese firm Nippon Light Metal Company Limited, a publicly traded aluminium supplier headquartered in Tokyo with annual revenues of over US$7 billion and over 10,000 employees.

Nippon has confirmed high concentrations of rare earth elements in Jamaica's red mud, particularly in comparison to other areas. Mitsuru Ishihara, director and senior executive officer of the company, who arrived in the island with a delegation on Sunday, expressed certainty that there would be safety in the construction of the building which is expected to be completed in three months.

The two-storey building will be staffed jointly by personnel from the JBI and Nippon Light Metals.

"I do believe the project will (redound) to the benefit of both parties. Nippon Metal will now start to construct the pilot plant in cooperation with Jamaican builders," he said.

In the meantime, Yasuo Takase, Ambassador of Japan to Jamaica said the project is an indication that Japan is committed to partnerships between the two countries.

"Our sincere hope is that the pilot project will bear fruit to other explorations of economic opportunity for both Japan and Jamaica," he added.

The pilot plant project will develop methodology for neutralising the red mud with the objective of extracting some of the rare earth elements. It involves physical works at the JBI, the construction of adjunct laboratory areas, a stockpiling area for the red mud and acid, and a temporary waste storage site.

The pilot plant study will seek to specifically map the potential impact on land, water and air and the effect of neutralising the by-products of the extraction process. Rare earth elements or lanthanides, are extremely valuable elements which require advanced technology for their extraction so as to realise their commercial value. They currently trade at rates of up to US $3,500 per kilogramme.

Nippon Light Metal's ultimate objective is to extract some 1,500 metric tons per annum.

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