New energy vehicles , especially pure electric vehicles because they do not fuel , less emissions , become synonymous with environmentally friendly fashion . However, the upstream and downstream industry chain will bring pollution may surprise people . For the pollution generated by new energy vehicles , most people understand the current generation of pollution is : that although the process of using electric cars to achieve a zero- emissions, power generation plants has caused severe dust pollution . Especially in China , more than 75% of its electricity from coal power generation, no less than the dangers of pollution gasoline combustion .

In fact , the new energy vehicle industry chain downstream pollution caused by much more than that . For example , the use of new energy vehicle batteries , in the production process will produce pollution. Graphite is the constituent elements of the electric car lithium batteries , there are foreign media said , per pure electric car contains about 50 kg of graphite , containing about 10 kg of hybrid , electric bicycles containing about 1 kg , notebooks containing about 100 grams , the phone contains about 15 grams. Graphite manufacturing process will contain large amounts of heavy metals discharged highly acidic wastewater , contaminated farmland and drinking water, graphite dust floating into the air will cause "Black Rain " and the haze phenomenon .

Currently , lithium batteries have become the mainstream choice of new energy vehicles , but still the majority of low-speed electric vehicles in the use of lead-acid batteries, lead-acid battery production process will generate a lot of lead dust , lead acid mist , waste water, waste gas . Lead is a toxic heavy metal that can enter the body through the respiratory and digestive systems , can also lead to babies through breast milk embryos and poisoning . Lead enters the human body , can diffuse from the blood into the soft tissues and organs of the body , and ultimately into the bones and teeth , resulting in major diseases .

Improper recycling of used batteries will produce more pollution. Used batteries contain cadmium , lead, mercury , nickel, zinc , manganese, etc. , will affect seed germination and growth , resulting in pollution of rivers, lakes, sea and other water bodies , where the cadmium, lead , mercury would be more interested in bring great harm to the human body . Data show that a small lithium coin can contaminate 600,000 liters of water. Similarly, the lead-acid battery if mishandled , the greater harm.

Rare chronic pollution is another new energy vehicles can not be avoided . Rare is called " industrial vitamins ' extensive use in military, electronics and other industries , is an important strategic mineral resources. Batteries and new energy rare earth permanent magnet motor cars also use rare earth materials . For example, some high-performance electric vehicle equipped with synchronous motor on the use of rare earth materials .

However, the rare earth ore open pit mining process will produce radioactive pollution , heavy metals, fluoride , ammonia and sulfate pollution, recycling of resources , the surrounding atmosphere , plants, aquatic ecosystems , soil environment has potential hazards. Some areas also because overexploitation of rare earth , causing landslides , river blockage, sudden environmental pollution and other events. After the rare earth mining , mine environment restoration and management is also a heavy burden.

Rare minerals Chaoshan region is very rich. 2013 , due to a lawless region of Guangdong Lufeng illegal mining of rare earth , resulting in a number of villages around the water undrinkable . 2011 , also because of a rare earth mining Chaoshan area of environmental pollution , caused by local villagers and fight illegal mining . Local villagers told reporters that because of pollution caused by illegal mining of rare earth , they did not dare to drink water Curry , near the Castle became the Loess Plateau . Kids go swimming in the river bathing has become memories.

Another concern is that China 's rare earth resources face depletion problem. State Council Information Office published in 2012 , " China 's rare earth conditions and policies ," the white paper said China's rare earth reserves account for 23 percent of global reserves, has supplied 90% of global demand . After half a century of mining super strength , China's reserves of rare earth resources and the protection of life continue to decline, decay accelerating major mining resources , most of the existing mining resources depletion .

White Paper For example, Baotou rare earth ore mining resources remaining major 1/ 3 , Southern ionic rare earth ore reserve-production ratio has been 20 years ago to the current 50 15 . In view of this , if a large -scale promotion of new energy vehicles , it is not only rare earth mining will become a stumbling block pollution caused by rare earth is a strategic non-renewable resources , depletion of rare earth will also affect the production of new energy vehicles , as oil depletion will draw fuel vehicles on the same period .

Face generation of pollution , the industry 's response is that the new energy vehicles during the day and electricity at night to charge , you can reserve the power grid can not fully use , reduce energy consumption, while , to promote wind power and hydroelectric power and other green energy . The face of pollution and recycling pollution caused by battery production , the country has developed a unified approach to battery recycling management , and greatly enhance battery production and recycling technology. For the rare earth mineral depletion of the country 's current practice is strictly managed rare earth mining , improve the comprehensive utilization , regulate the export price.

Anyway , enough battery energy density , inadequate facilities , state subsidies and other factors are not in place just dominant disorder promotion of new energy vehicles , battery pollution , the pollution caused by the mining of raw materials and resource depletion, may be hidden behind the scenes bigger stumbling block . How these hurdle crossed , will test the wisdom and courage to promote new energy vehicles persons .


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Recently, the Ministry of Finance , Ministry of Land Resources , Ministry of livelihood projects focus on three ministries - Anyuan County Gang Kawasaki - LT narrow - gong abandoned nest of rare earth mine geological environment governance project officially started.

The total investment of 36.66 million yuan , the main governance contents are: mine geological disaster control engineering , topography renovation project , build drainage works , soil pollution control projects, and other vegetation .

The project is the national ministries to implement the " State Council on support Gannan and other former Soviet Central revitalization and development ," the specific initiatives , the implementation of the project can solve the historical destruction of abandoned rare earth mine geological environment problems , the project is expected to be completed early in 2015 .


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April 14, 2014 market price of rare earth products

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On how to strengthen the management of rare earth exports , Zhang Anwen gives five suggestions : First , strengthen enterprise resource integration , improve the comprehensive utilization of resources , and promote the healthy development of rare earth industry . Second, improve the export value-added products , developed patented technology. Third, the export threshold of at least the national environmental protection requirements , through environmental verification and the Ministry of access, in line with national policies to prevent disorderly excess exports. Fourth, look forward to the formation of a diverse, sustainable international rare earth supply system. Foreign dependence on Chinese rare earths produced , will depend on the formation of habits , there will be demanding. If abroad , especially in the heavy rare earth, able to exploit more reliance on Chinese rare earths can be less. Fifth, we should establish a good price formation mechanism, to avoid price roller coaster ups and downs , to be fully considered in the cost of rare earth rare earth environmental management and ecological restoration of basic costs required to form a high and stable price system , and get the price aspects of the right to speak .

"In addition, China express their views to be more in the international arena , to make the international community aware of the efforts made ​​to protect resources and the environment , and actively participate in the development of rules. " Zhang Anwen said," but also attach importance to the role of industry associations and other civil society organizations to price stability , control the volume, and strengthen self-discipline and explore new export management, participation in international trade litigation disputes play an active effect. "

" Rare is the Chinese , but also the world. China has made ​​efforts to protect resources and the ecological fully reflects the WTO about the people, resources , and environmental development requirements of China will continue its efforts in this regard , we are still a long way. " Zhang Anwen said .


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According to Japan 's Kyodo News on April 1 , the Japanese government announced the 1st draft the next five years as the new maritime policy guidelines "Marine basic plan" , plans to investigate three years time and energy to master a new generation of " methane hydrate ( flammable ice ) " and the amount of rare earth burial . In addition, due to the situation of the Diaoyu Islands to strengthen maritime security system is also written in the draft .

Japan's Integrated Maritime Policy Headquarters released a draft "Marine basic plan" , the draft proposed to promote the development of marine resources and industrialization, the provincial government will work in Japan related to exploration results and other achievements summary , the advanced technology effectively for resources development . Since most combustible ice buried in the deep seabed , the draft says , March has been successfully carried out separation and extraction of methane gas from combustible ice test , will achieve commercial exploitation of technological improvement in the year 2018 .

It is reported that the Japanese government from April 1 until the 7th to the public for comments on the draft , the draft in April by the inner cabinet meeting . Reported that Abe intends to marine resources development as the core of the economic growth strategy.

In addition, the report also noted that, given China 's Diaoyu Islands vessels continue to enter the "Japanese territorial waters " to ensure maritime security issues is also highly valued. The draft proposed that there is a need to strengthen cooperation mechanisms and the Coast Guard 's Maritime Self-Defense Force , it is necessary to share information quickly get alert monitoring.

The draft also borders on islands as pointed out in the name is not clear , the maps and charts should use a unified name. It also pointed out that the management will explore the islands and revitalization and to take the necessary measures . It is reported that , in addition to Japan, the island of Hokkaido , Honshu , Shikoku and Kyushu called " islands " China 's Diaoyu Islands part of the island is also defined its islands to Japan.


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April 11 afternoon, the China Rare Earth Industry Association in Beijing held a "rare earth industry market operation forum ." Chinalco Rare Earth , China Minmetals Rare Earth , Baotou Steel Rare Earth , Rising Nonferrous Metals, Minerals Ganzhou , Jiangxi Copper , Sichuan , three rings , Tianhe Magnets , Advanced Technology , Ningbo exhibition Jie , Goldwind and more than 20 business representatives attended forum. China Rare Earth Industry Association Marong Zhang Secretary General chaired the meeting.

At the meeting, China Rare Earth Industry Association Deputy Secretary-General made​​ Wang Deyong "Rare Earth Society statistics reports on the situation ," Statistical Association last two tasks on production and operation conditions of operation and price statistics were described , analyzed the problems of statistical work and proposed future work program. China Rare Earth Industry Association Deputy Secretary-General Wang iron delegates introduced the "WTO Dispute rare case" situation. Gu Ye Fu made ​​a vice president of Xinjiang Goldwind Science & Technology Co., Ltd. " rare earth prices skyrocketing - Wind power permanent magnet route crisis ," the report introduces the development direction of development of the wind power industry and wind power permanent magnet technology. Branch Secretary introduced the professional status of the development of its related industries.

Delegates focus on " how rare earth industry sustained and healthy development , and how stable operation of the rare earth market ." Discussions. Delegates took the floor , on the development of the industry made ​​a very good comments and suggestions focused on the following points :

First, continue to adhere to the " fight against rare black chain ," the long-term mechanism to provide a good , fair and competitive environment for legitimate businesses .

Second, maximize the use of good rare earth resources, the resource advantages into economic advantages , while continuing to develop downstream applications , use of resources to achieve balance .

Third, do not cut-throat competition among enterprises , companies should be through "technological progress , technological innovation" to dominate the market.

Fourth, the hope of rare earth upstream companies can do a sustained and stable supply of rare earth products , rare earth prices do not participate in speculation .

Fifth, hope the Government can adjust the rare earth resource tax, reduce the burden on legitimate businesses.

Six, I hope the Government will not interfere too much rare earth market , multi- market play its regulatory role .


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In order to consolidate the results of rare earth development order remediation , keep the pressure up rare earth regulation, Long County launched a three -month special rectification actions Rare illegal .

The county town is the responsibility of the main rare earth resources , deployed more than 30 counties as units of cadres , composed of six special work group , the illegal exploitation of rare earth, rare earth tailrace charged violations and illegal conduct buying and selling rare investigate hit.

The comprehensive inventory of remediation actions illegal exploitation of rare earth mines , rare earth mining dragnet inspections , focusing on inventory mine geological environment governance, as well as the name of key projects under the guise of forestry development, agricultural development and so on illegal mining of rare earth , tail water recycling behavior ; comprehensive inventory to excavating ponds , reservoirs in the name of illegal behavior of rare earth recycling slag head ; crack down on illegal buying and selling behavior of rare earth minerals , investigating a number of influential cases.

Up to now, the illegal purchase and sale operations have uncovered a rare case , the collection of rare earth minerals 9.14 tons ( wet ore ) , Detention 3 .


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Rare earth prices remain stable , due to the current actual demand, transaction prices weak . Rumors reserve price or inconclusive , the market is still bullish sentiment more obvious .

Dysprosium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax 165-175 yuan / ton, dysprosium iron mainstream manufacturers tax price 170-180 yuan / ton.

Praseodymium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 570,000-580,000 yuan / ton. Neodymium oxide 315,000-325,000 yuan / ton.

Lanthanum oxide manufacturers tax price 21,000-22,000 yuan / ton. Cerium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 21,000-22,000 yuan / ton.

Neodymium oxide, praseodymium mainstream manufacturers tax price 315,000-325,000 yuan / ton , praseodymium , neodymium metal mainstream manufacturers tax price 410,000-420,000 yuan / ton.

Fluorescent europium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 4,000-4,200 yuan / kg. Terbium oxide phosphor grade mainstream manufacturers tax price 3,000-3,200 yuan / kg.


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After a year of trial and error, Baotou Rare Earth Rare hospital successfully developed a new type of PVC stabilizer non-toxic, environmentally friendly, long-term stability and good for . Currently , rare earth PVC stabilizer in the test line is under construction , scientific research and is expected to achieve during the year .

PVC material is polyvinyl chloride , such as PVC pipes , PVC wallpaper . When using PVC material is heated to 200 ° C requires pretreatment , the need to add material to prevent thermal decomposition of PVC stabilizers . At present , the domestic PVC stabilizer to lead salt stabilizer most widely used , but there are security issues harm the environment , as the country 's ban of lead , lead -based stabilizers will gradually withdraw from the market . Therefore , PVC materials production enterprises urgently need a stable effect and environmentally efficient and affordable alternative.

Rare hospital engineer Zhang Yuxi told reporters , accounting for 3.5% PVC stabilizer weight , and now our nation's annual PVC production is 13 million tons , and production is still rising , demand is also increasing year by year stabilizers , especially our stabilizer implementation of a comprehensive ban on the use of lead is imminent , the successful development of rare earth stabilizer , PVC producers can meet the demand for environmentally efficient stabilizers great extent. The main component of the rare earth lanthanum cerium stabilizer element content of about 10% , the annual output of 13 million tons terms of PVC per year to use 40,000 tons of elements lanthanum , cerium , lanthanum surplus for digestion Baiyunebo Ce important. It is understood that , at present , rare earth rare earth stabilizer hospital pilot project has been completed equipment tender , is expected to more than three months after the construction , installation , commissioning and operational, is expected to achieve scientific research and then went into effect.


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According to the United States , Europe, Japan v. China rare earths and other raw materials trade restrictions and WTO panel report the case background , combined with China's policy and practice , come to the following revelation :

WTO for China is a " double-edged sword ", both opened the door to the world market , at the same time opened the door to Chinese resources and the environment .

On the one hand , China after WTO accession aid rules and institutions dividends, use of labor and resources, opened the door to the international quickly to seize the world market. On the other hand , China 's resources and environment also opened the door to the world market , has brought great resource depletion and environmental pollution risk exposure.

" Rare case" against fully reflect the nature of the WTO " double-edged sword " , and " there is no free lunch ", WTO not because of " protecting the environment and resources," and let the members of the random destruction of free trade rules. In this context, China needs to establish a national environmental management system and adapt to WTO rules , in compliance with WTO rules , while reducing the risk of resource depletion and environmental pollution , which in the case of " rare case" of losing re-examine the corresponding rare earth production chain environmental management policy imperative .

Under the WTO framework, the environment is not responding to the exceptions resource disputes panacea.

Although outside the WTO trade objectives , but also set up to protect the environment , safeguard human rights and other targets , but because WTO itself is a trade organization of its own property pay more attention to the decision of the WTO trade objectives , environmental protection is only one reference conditions .

From the article quoted GATT1994 Ⅹ Ⅹ environmental exceptions to paragraph (b and g money ) to defend the history of the case , the current more than 10 cases , only two received the support of the Group of Experts , the " Asbestos " and Malaysia v. United States " lobster - turtle case ." Among them, the " Asbestos " is invoked on the first successful case history WTO GATT Article Ⅹ Ⅹ paragraph b , and Malaysia v. United States, " lobster - Turtle Case" is the first to GATT1994 Ⅹ Ⅹ terms of g " the conservation of exhaustible natural resources " the case is based on a comprehensive win .

Visible citing cases in favor of the environment very few exceptions , coupled with China since the two successive trade disputes citing environmental resource exceptions are on the losing end , easy to see, under the WTO framework , in order to maximize the maintenance of free trade, promoting trade and prosperity , Expert Group on the terms of reference to environmental exceptions cautious .

"greening" industrial policy acts as a green trade policy making China the " rare case" in both lose "face" and he lost "lining ."

In the " rare case" , although China has developed the rare earth export quotas, however, statistics show that the rare earth export quota little exhausted. The reason for the price increase has prompted the international market to increase exploration and development of rare earth resources, alternative materials efforts, but more because the Chinese are not the main thing on the domestic rare earth mining and restrictions on the use of export restrictions simultaneously. In the huge price difference at home and abroad , leading to rampant illegal mining and smuggling of rare earth .

Although China claims that the implementation of the export quota of rare earth and other raw materials for the purpose of regulation is to protect the environment , but foreign critics pointed out the Chinese government did not implement the domestic producers and export quotas equivalent controls, suggesting that these policies formulated by the Chinese government is still the old some industrial protection policy, industrial policy, environmental protection is simply to put the "green" coat, " new wine in old bottles " only. "greening" of industrial policy are not recognized by WTO , making China lost the "face ."

On the other hand , rampant smuggling of rare earth to bring the disorderly exploitation of rare and difficult to supervision , in addition to the black industry chain of concealment, its regulatory environment more question. Thus, the "greening" of industrial policy did not play a role in protecting and improving the environment, essentially brought a more serious environmental damage , making China more is lost "in the child ."

In the face of trade interests , " Rare case" will not be the end of China 's resource trade disputes under the WTO framework.

With China's participation in global trade gradually promote the deepening of China's industrial structure adjustment and upgrading of China's output of natural resources from rough to finish machining resource -based business model output of finished goods business model transformation process, is bound to affect the world's natural resources market , touching the interests of the developed members in particular, more and more members. The face of changing trade patterns , in order to safeguard the vested interests of the developed countries will not stand still , and Chinese resource trade disputes are likely to be more and more.


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