Tungsten copper is widely used as the EDM electrode during the machining. Electric discharge machining refers to a method of machining a workpiece in a certain medium through the electric erosion effect of the pulse discharge between the tool electrode and the workpiece electrode.

The use of lithium ion secondary batteries (LIBs) as storage batteries for portable electronic devices and electric cars and as stationary storage batteries for solar cells and wind power generation is increasing yearly. However, their properties, such as energy density, power density, safety and durability, require further improvement to increase their use. Although graphite electrodes have been used as the negative electrode in LIBs, the durability is not long enough. Therefore, new materials for use as the negative electrode that can replace graphite have attracted interest. Transition-metal oxides are actively studied due to their good durability, high energy density and high-power density.

Because of many superior physics properties such as high melting point, low sputtering rate, high thermal conductivity, low tritium inventory, high strength at elevated temperatures and low thermal expansion, tungsten-based materials are a unique choice for several applications. However, serious embrittlement in several aspects including low-temperature brittleness, recrystallization brittleness and irradiation induced brittleness is the main drawback to limit the application of tungsten-base materials, especially as the structural materials. In order to alleviate such embrittlement, some tungsten-base alloys with fine grains have been developed by previous studies.