Ammonium Paratungstate Containing Two Hydrogen Atoms
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- Category: Tungsten Information
- Published on Thursday, 05 February 2015 17:12
- Written by zsq
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In more recent literature, the anion in (NH4)10(W12O41)·5H2O has been shown to be [H2W12O42]10−, containing two hydrogen atoms, keeping two hydrogen atoms inside the cage. The tungsten-oxygen cage, that is the heart of the anion requires 42 oxygen molecules. The correct formula notation for ammonium paratungstate is (NH4)10[H2W12O42]·4H2O. The [H2W12O42]10−ion is known as the paratungstate ion, as opposed to the paratungstate ion, that has the formula [W7O24]6−, similar to the paramolybdate ion. The existence of the paratungstate A ion, could not be confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, however.
Before about 1930, there has been some dispute about the exact composition of the salt, and both (NH4)10W12O41 and (NH4)6W7O24 were proposed. O.W. Gibbs remarked about this:
The alkali tungstates are numerous and unusually complex. Salts of essentially different formulae approach so closely in percentage composition, that the differences lie very near the unavoidable errors of analyses. The analyses are hardly sufficiently close to decide the question upon purely analytical grounds.
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Introducing Ammonium Paratungstate
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- Category: Tungsten Information
- Published on Thursday, 05 February 2015 17:04
- Written by zsq
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Ammonium paratungstate(APT) is a white crystalline salt of ammonium and tungsten, with the chemical formula (NH4)10(H2W12O42)•4H2O.
Ammonium paratungstate is produced separating tungsten from its ore. Once the ammonium paratungstate is prepared, it is heated to its decomposition temperature, 600 C. Left over is WO3,tungsten(VI) oxide. From there, the oxide is heated in an atmosphere of hydrogen, reducing the tungsten to elemental powder, leaving behind water vapor. From there, the tungsten powder can be fused into any number of things, from wire to bars to other shapes.
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Special Term for Dart Game(II)
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- Category: Tungsten Information
- Published on Thursday, 05 February 2015 16:23
- Written by xsh
- Hits: 489
| Term | Meaning |
| ARROWS | Means dart. |
| BABY TON | score is 95,usually means the point is 5×19. |
| BAG O' NUTS | score is 95, |
| Barn Dart | Third darts without hit two darts when aim at the objective in the first round. |
| BARREL | It is means the later pinpoint of dart when you scratch |
| BASEMENT | Twofold of three |
| BREAKFAST | Continue achieve the score of 5,20,1 in the number one dart game. |
| Bombs/Bombers | Bigger or heaver dart |
| BUCKET OF NAILS | Three dart heat the 1 zone. |
| BUCKSHOT | Dart hit everywhere without any direction. |
| BULL | The central of dartboard |
| BULLSEYE | The central of dartboard |
| BUST | In this round cannot record the score for too much points in the first round. |
| C | There is a one time to record point in the Cricket match. such as T20-S20-S20,its called C-5，for it hit five times |
| CHUCKER | Throw the dart without aiming at the bull's eye. |
| CIRCLE IT | If one people just got point within 10,his teammate can call the record keeper to lock up. |
| CLOCK | dartboard |
| CORK | The central of dartboard |
| DIDDLE FOR MIDDLE | Throw a dart, if close to the bulls eye, then can begin first. |
| DOUBLE | The outside of dartboard have a rung ,if hit there, we can record double points. |
| DOUBLE IN | We need hit the double zone, then we can record the points |
| DOUBLE OUT | If we want win the game we need to hit the double zone. |
| DOUBLE TOP | Hit the double of the area of 20. |
| DOUBLE TROUBLE | Cannot hit the double zone. |
| DOWNSTAIRS | The beside part of dartboard. it is means the zone of 19 points. |
| EASY IN | We cannot throw darts extra when dart game begins. |
| FEATHERS | The tail of darts. |
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What is Advantage of Dart Games?(I)
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- Category: Tungsten Information
- Published on Thursday, 05 February 2015 16:55
- Written by xsh
- Hits: 490
There are some advantage of dart games:
1.Rising chest and abdomen, can relieve fatigue cervical, lumbar, shoulder, elbow, wrist and other parts. Relax the mind, relieve stress. In particular, the health of people engaged in office work best effects, it is a modern way for people, especially for old.
2. One of arts game is that it can rivet restore movement and contraction mainly involved muscles and joints, wrist, elbow, shoulder, deltoid, triceps, wrist, finger muscles, especially for people of few muscle training exercise, exercise is not also adjust.
3, Advantage of dart games:relieve visual fatigue
When throw darts, there be completed on the basis of long-range targeting in the firing action, and after a long period of training, we can take the goal, vision tends to increase muscle strength. It is also alleviate eye fatigue caused by prolonged close work, such as regulating vision of eyes.
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Special Term for Dart Game(I)
- Details
- Category: Tungsten Information
- Published on Thursday, 05 February 2015 16:12
- Written by xsh
- Hits: 495
There are some special term for dart game as follow:
| Term | Meaning |
| ARROWS | Means dart. |
| BABY TON | score is 95,usually means the point is 5×19. |
| BAG O' NUTS | score is 95, |
| Barn Dart | Third darts without hit two darts when aim at the objective in the first round. |
| BARREL | It is means the later pinpoint of dart when you scratch |
| BASEMENT | Twofold of three |
| BREAKFAST | Continue achieve the score of 5,20,1 in the number one dart game. |
| Bombs/Bombers | Bigger or heaver dart |
| BUCKET OF NAILS | Three dart heat the 1 zone. |
| BUCKSHOT | Dart hit everywhere without any direction. |
| BULL | The central of dartboard |
| BULLSEYE | The central of dartboard |
| BUST | In this round cannot record the score for too much points in the first round. |
| C | There is a one time to record point in the Cricket match. such as T20-S20-S20,its called C-5，for it hit five times |
| CHUCKER | Throw the dart without aiming at the bull's eye. |
| CIRCLE IT | If one people just got point within 10,his teammate can call the record keeper to lock up. |
| CLOCK | dartboard |
| CORK | The central of dartboard |
| DIDDLE FOR MIDDLE | Throw a dart, if close to the bulls eye, then can begin first. |
| DOUBLE | The outside of dartboard have a rung ,if hit there, we can record double points. |
| DOUBLE IN | We need hit the double zone, then we can record the points |
| DOUBLE OUT | If we want win the game we need to hit the double zone. |
| DOUBLE TOP | Hit the double of the area of 20. |
| DOUBLE TROUBLE | Cannot hit the double zone. |
| DOWNSTAIRS | The beside part of dartboard. it is means the zone of 19 points. |
| EASY IN | We cannot throw darts extra when dart game begins. |
| FEATHERS | The tail of darts. |
Tungsten Alloy Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-alloy.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
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