A collimator is most commonly made of tungsten alloy, and is rated according to how many half value tungsten alloy layers it contains, i.e., how many times it reduces undesirable radiation by half. In neutron, X-ray, and gamma ray optics, a tungsten alloy collimator is a device that filters a stream of rays so that only those traveling parallel to a specified direction are allowed through. Tungsten alloy collimators are used in neutron, X-ray, and gamma-ray optics because it is not yet possible to focus radiation with such short wavelengths into an image through the use of lenses as is routine withelectromagnetic radiation at optical or near-optical wavelengths. Tungsten alloy collimators are also used with radiation detectors in nuclear power stations for monitoring sources of radioactivity.

For industrial radiography using gamma radiation sources such as Iridium-192 or Cobalt-60, a collimator (beam limiting device) allows the radiographer to control the exposure of radiation to expose a film and create a radiograph, to inspect materials for defects. For instance, the thinnest walls on the sides of a 4 HVL tungsten alloy collimator 13 mm (0.52 in) thick will reduce the intensity of radiation passing through them by 88.5%. The shape of these tungsten alloy collimator allows emitted radiation to travel freely toward the specimen and the x-ray film, while blocking most of the radiation that is emitted in undesirable directions such as toward workers.

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Carbide file is a metalworking, woodworking and plastic working tool with carbide as its abrasive surface, and used to cut fine amounts of material from a work piece. It most commonly refers to the hand tool style, which takes the form of a steel bar with a case hardened surface and a series of sharp, parallel teeth. Most files have a narrow, pointed tang at one end to which a handle can be fitted.



Carbide files falls into various types by varying its sizes, shapes, cuts, and tooth configurations. The cross-section of a file can be flat, round, half-round, triangular, square, knife edge or of a more specialized shape.


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Carbide file is a metalworking, woodworking and plastic working tool with carbide as its abrasive surface. The cut of the carbide file refers to how fine its teeth are. They are defined as (from roughest to smoothest), rough, middle, bastard, second cut, smooth, and dead smooth.

A single-cut file has one set of parallel teeth while a cross-cut or double-cut file has a second set of cuts forming teeth. In Swiss-pattern files the teeth are cut at a shallower angle, and are graded by number, with a number 1 file being coarser than a number, etc. Most files have teeth on all faces, but some specialty flat files have teeth on only one face or one edge, so that the user can come right up to another edge without damaging the finish on it.


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A gas-filled radiation detector is usually a glass tube that contains two concentric electrodes and a gas such as argon. Tungsten alloy materials are typically used for gas-filled radiation detector components, such as tungsten alloy tube and foil.

Tungsten alloy has a high atomic number and a high density, both of which give the metal unusually good absorption cross-section. This makes the tungsten alloy metal very sensitive to gamma rays. The tungsten metal is chemically stable to chlorine, bromine or other halogen gas used as a quench gas. In addition, since the environmental protection character of tungsten alloy, its can be widely used in gas-filled radiation detector.

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