Tungsten Alloy Collimator

A collimator is most commonly made of tungsten alloy, and is rated according to how many half value tungsten alloy layers it contains, i.e., how many times it reduces undesirable radiation by half. In neutron, X-ray, and gamma ray optics, a tungsten alloy collimator is a device that filters a stream of rays so that only those traveling parallel to a specified direction are allowed through. Tungsten alloy collimators are used in neutron, X-ray, and gamma-ray optics because it is not yet possible to focus radiation with such short wavelengths into an image through the use of lenses as is routine withelectromagnetic radiation at optical or near-optical wavelengths. Tungsten alloy collimators are also used with radiation detectors in nuclear power stations for monitoring sources of radioactivity.

For industrial radiography using gamma radiation sources such as Iridium-192 or Cobalt-60, a collimator (beam limiting device) allows the radiographer to control the exposure of radiation to expose a film and create a radiograph, to inspect materials for defects. For instance, the thinnest walls on the sides of a 4 HVL tungsten alloy collimator 13 mm (0.52 in) thick will reduce the intensity of radiation passing through them by 88.5%. The shape of these tungsten alloy collimator allows emitted radiation to travel freely toward the specimen and the x-ray film, while blocking most of the radiation that is emitted in undesirable directions such as toward workers.

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