Tungsten putty is a novel tungsten product made by bonding tungsten powder with a high-molecular polymer. Unlike typical tungsten products, it differs significantly in both shape and physicochemical properties. It is neither in the form of tungsten oxide powder nor the appearance of high-density tungsten alloys.

The electronic work function of barium tungsten electrode is its core performance indicator, which directly affects its emission efficiency, operating temperature and life as a hot cathode. The factors affecting the electronic work function of barium tungsten electrode mainly include the following aspects:

Ammonium metatungstate (AMT) is a significant tungstate compound, typically represented by the chemical formula (NH₄)₆H₂W₁₂O₄₀·nH₂O (where n is the number of water molecules of crystallization, commonly 1 or 2). Structurally, it belongs to the polyoxometalate family known as "tungsten clusters." Its core structure consists of 12 tungsten-oxygen octahedra connected through shared oxygen atoms, forming a cyclic or cage-like framework, with ammonium ions and protonated water molecules filling the gaps.

Barium tungsten electrodes are a cathode material widely used in electronic equipment and vacuum tubes such as displays, radars, and communications equipment. Its life is affected by a combination of factors.