Tungsten fishing jigs which compose of metal alloy sinker and a hook are one type of fishing lures and are one of most productive baits today, especially in water clarities from slightly murky to clear. Often the hook is covered by a soft and colorful body using for attracting the fish.

Tungsten fishing jigs can be used in both the fresh water and salty water, the only difference is the weight used for and it is important to be sure the weight the tungsten fishing jigs needed to sink into the water. As a general rule, often adopt the lightest jig weight if possible, because the lightest fishing jig permits you to feel the bottom and any cover it contacts. In clear water, lighter weights ranging from1/8 ounce to 1/4 ounce should be combined with light line for more effective and spinning tackle are also necessary. For murky or deep water, it needs for more dense cover and heavier jigs about 3/8 to 5/8 ounce, and can be fished on stout baitcasting tackle with heavy line. In the case of the windy day, it's hard to maintain contact with the jig to detect strikes, while it will be not the problem if blow a bow in your line and go to have a heavier fishing jig.

Tungsten fishing jigs can work in any depth of water, but generally, the deeper you fish, the heavier the jig. It takes an 8 ounces of weight to reach the bottom if the water up to 180 feet. So if you want to catch big fish, a jig with a 7/0 or 8/0 hook has more probability.

Tungsten Advantage

Lead is the commonly used material for constructing tungsten fishing jigs head as usual, but lead pollution and the appearing of environment friendly materials make the anglers adopt the latter materials for the sake of protecting our only one earth. Tungsten based alloy with the properties of corrosion protection property which is so important in the salty fishing and environment protection is more and more widely used by many anglers. And tungsten based alloy with the density ranging from 16.5 to 18.5 will be effective in the case of needing more weight in salty water or deep water, as it is possible to get more weight with smaller volume.


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Rifled gun makes when fired shells itself has a  high speed, thereby minimizing the effect of eliminating nutation shells, thus improving shooting accuracy, the greater the distance, the more obvious (3000 m or more). The disadvantage is the high speed part of gunpowder itself consumes energy, so rifled armor piercing fin stabilized goal setting is to reduce the rotation speed of the shells, so that the warhead gain greater momentum.

Smoothbore gun shells fired due to no rifled gun barrel shells can cause rotation, nutation effect and then the shells themselves a great impact on accuracy, so the tail smoothbore gun equipped with a tungsten alloy APFSDS set in order to be able to make shells after collide there is a rotation capacity and improve flight stability.


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Complex shape and small size of the parts generally require machining, and a complex series of processes, it is difficult to ensure consistency of product shape of mass production, which resulted in high production costs, while the qualified rate. However, the use of extrusion and injection molding can produce complex shapes, small size and high aspect ratio, high-performance tungsten heavy alloy products.

Produced by injection molding of high-density alloy Arrow Canisters, the aspect ratio of up to 20 without distortion performance than the superior microstructure uniformity better than traditional powder metallurgy production of tungsten alloy, greatly reducing the processing operations and conservation of raw materials. While using special technology into a ball, ball diameter can be made ​​from a variety of different balls, this small ball tactics at home and abroad has been widely used as a high momentum of anti-missile fragments, each warhead battle site can be loaded 20000 small ball, the organization uniform, accessible final part shape geometry, reducing the secondary process, saving raw materials, and reduce costs.

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Copper–tungsten (tungsten–copper, CuW, or WCu) alloy is a pseudo-alloy of copper and tungsten. As copper and tungsten are not mutually soluble, the material is composed of distinct particles of one metal dispersed in a matrix of the other one. The microstructure is therefore rather a metal matrix composite instead of a true alloy.

The material combines the properties of both metals, resulting in a material that is heat-resistant, ablation-resistant, highly thermally and electrically conductive, and easy to machine.

Parts are made from the CuW alloy by pressing the tungsten particles into a desired shape, sintering the compacted part, then infiltrating with molten copper. Sheets, rods and bars of the alloy are available as well.

Commonly used copper tungsten alloy contains 10–50 wt.% of copper, the remaining portion being mostly tungsten. The typical properties of the alloy depend on its composition. The alloy with less wt.% of copper has higher density, higher hardness and higher resistivity. The typical density of CuW90 alloy, with 10% of copper, is 16.75 g/cm3 and 11.85 g/cm3 for CuW50 alloy. CuW90 has higher hardness and resistivity of 260 HB kgf/mm2 and 6.5 µΩ.cm than CuW50.

Applications

CuW alloys are used where the combination of high heat resistance, high electrical and thermal conductivity, and low thermal expansion are needed. Some of the applications are in electric resistance welding, as electrical contacts, and as heat sinks. As contact material the alloy is resistant to erosion by electric arc. WCu alloys are also used in electrodes for electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining.

The CuW75 alloy, with 75% of tungsten, is widely used in chip carriers, substrates, flanges and frames for power semiconductor devices. The high thermal conductivity of copper together with the low thermal expansion of tungsten allows thermal expansion matching to silicon, gallium arsenide, and some ceramics. Other materials for this applications are CuMo alloy, AlSiC, and Dymalloy.

Alloy with 70–90% of tungsten is used in liners of some specialty shaped charges. The penetration is enhanced by factor 1.3 against copper for homogeneous steel target, as both the density and the break-up time are increased.[3] Tungsten powder based shaped charge liners are especially suitable for oil well completion. Other ductile metals can be used as binder in place of copper as well. Graphite can be added as lubricant to the powder.

CuW can also be used as a contact material in a vacuum. When the contact is very fine grained (VFG) the electrical conductivity is much higher than a normal piece of Copper Tungsten.Copper Tungsten is a good choice for a vacuum contact due to its low cost, resistance to arc erosion, conductivity, mechanical wear, and contact welding. CuW is usually a contact for vacuum, oil, and gas systems. It is not a good contact for air since the surface will oxidize when exposed. CuW is less likely to erode in air when the concentration of copper is higher in the material. The uses of CuW in the air are acting as an arc tip, arc plate, and an arc runner.

Copper tungsten materials are often used for arcing contacts in SF6 circuit breakers that require medium and high voltages. The copper tungsten used in these circuit breakers is subject to temperatures above 20,000K, which is reached during arcing. Copper tungsten is a valuable material to use during arc contacts due to the high level of resistance to arc erosion.

Copper tungsten has applications in Electrical discharge machining. The process uses copper tungsten as an electrode because it is able to withstand high voltage and current.

The Spark Erosion (EDM) process calls for copper tungsten. Usually this process is used with graphite but tungsten has a high melting point (3420 0C). This allows the CuW electrodes to have a longer service life than the graphite electrodes. This is very crucial when the electrodes have been processed with complex machining. Since the electrodes are susceptible to wear the electrodes provide more geometrical accuracy than the other electrodes. These properties also let the rods and tubes manufactured for Spark Erosion be made smaller in diameter and have a longer length since the material is less likely to chip and warp.

Properties

As you can see from these varying levels of copper and tungsten used to create the copper tungsten alloy, increases in copper has its benefits, while an increase in tungsten has its benefits as well. Most notable of the increase in copper used to create the alloy is the thermal conductivity, which plays a huge part when being used in circuit breakers, as mentioned before, due to the extremely high temperatures that the material is subject to during peak arc contact (well above 20,000K) and is a factoring role in deciding how much percentage copper to use in the alloy. However, another interesting fact to note is the electro resistance at room temperature (20°C) and how this increases with an increase in the percentage of tungsten present in the alloy, ranging from 3.16 at 55% tungsten all the way up to nearly double the resistance at 6.1 when the alloy contains 90% tungsten. Finally, another important characteristic to keep track of is the ultimate tensile strength of the alloy at the varying levels of copper and tungsten in the alloy. An increase in tungsten leads to an increase in ultimate tensile strength up until the alloy reaches 80% tungsten and 20% copper with an ultimate tensile strength of 661.82GPa. After this mixture of copper and tungsten, the ultimate tensile strength then begins to decrease fairly rapidly.

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Tungsten fishing beads are twice as heavy as brass and heavier than lead. Perfect for any fly that has to get down deep.

And tungsten fishing bead also enable the fisherman to fish in fast flowing water where the fish lie deep.

Furthermore ,tungsten alloy fishing bead is non-toxic, therefore tungsten fishing bead is friendly to the environment.

So tungsten alloy fishing bead is the best friend to fisher man.




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1: No focusing structure. Early MLC is mainly used for small lesions in the head and ill miniature MLC, mostly pan structure leaves no focus. This leaves the vertical and horizontal thick blade used in all translational motion, the same size and shape of the radiation field is composed of the upper and lower blades, can not be eliminated through shot penumbra, which will result in a larger clinical unacceptable penumbra.

2: Single-focusing structure. : This structure makes all the blades are in a circle with radiation to the radiation source to the distance of the circumference of the bottom surface of the blade radius of movement, so that the end face of the blade is always parallel with the beam, eliminating wear shooting direction of the blade movement on the penumbra . However, in the direction perpendicular to the blade movement, due to the width of the blade up and down and so on, they still have to wear shot penumbra.

3: double-focusing structure. Double-focusing structure is a multi-leaf collimator tungsten alloy single-focusing structure of each leaf is processed into non-monospaced divergence like in the width direction, face showing the trapezoidal small great, upward extension cord should intersect each end to point sources. This structure can eliminate wear shoot penumbra.

4: leakproof shot structure. Leakproof shot structure of the alloy multi-leaf collimator leaves processed into tungsten each side with a groove, the other side with a tenon that between two adjacent pieces to bump-groove laminated, using ray only travels in straight lines Features get a good shot of leak-proof effect.

5: over the center line design. Blade movement over the center line travel is a necessary condition to achieve strong performance conformal irradiation and become one of the important indicators to measure the strength of the modern MLC function, tungsten alloy multi-leaf collimator leaf over the center line travel requirements should be as large as possible generally not less than 12cm.


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Improve the tungsten alloy multi-leaf collimator  is mainly shot around the lower leakage and improve conformal reduce transmission penumbra, adapt to the dynamic and dynamic wedge, etc. Function Deployment. Width of the multi-leaf collimator tungsten alloy blades directly determines the irregular wild and planning target volume (PTV) multi-leaf collimator consisting of conformal shape, the thinner the blade, its conformal better. Height tungsten alloy multi-leaf collimator leaves must be able to weaken the original rays and radiation intensity to 5% or less. Due to some radiation leakage between the blades often will reduce the shielding effect of the original radiation leaves, so the blade height to be properly thickened, usually on the thickness of the tungsten alloy selected to be less than 5cm, to be reduced to 2% leak-ray dose below, the thickness of the tungsten alloy needs to 7.5cm.

Longitudinal section of the blade design has two main factors: first, to make solar radiation leakage between adjacent blades and vanes close relative when the minimum, so the blade side tungsten alloy multi-leaf collimator slot to use more bump each other mosaic structure . The blade design of the end face there are generally two types of vertical face and the end face that is curved. Second, a bottom surface and a top surface of the blade to be converged in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement of the position of the X-ray target, so that the blade cross-section has a trapezoidal structure so that the blades associated with any one of from the source (target) radiated, and with ray parallel to this plane.


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Tungsten nickel alloy gravity is generally 17.0 to 18.5, a tungsten-based (about 90 to 98 percent), and add nickel, iron, copper or other elements of the alloy composition. This alloy has good plasticity, machinability, thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, while the X-rays or γ-rays with excellent absorption capacity. Because of this characteristic tungsten nickel-iron alloy, and it is often used in the manufacture of military blasting ring.

Advantages tungsten nickel-iron alloy military blasting ring are: a large proportion: General accounting for 16.5-18.75g / cm3; 2 high strength: tensile strength of 700-1000Mpa; 3 ray absorption ability: than lead high 30 -40%; 4 thermal coefficient: thermal conductivity of tungsten alloy tool steel is 5 times; five thermal expansion coefficient is small: only 1 / 2-1 / 3 iron or steel.


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New materials, also known as advanced materials, refers to recent research success and being developed has excellent features and functionality to meet the needs of high-tech new materials. The new material is the material basis of military weapons and equipment, the new generation is a key technology in today's world the military field. The military is a new material technology and new materials technology for the military field, is the key to modern sophisticated weaponry. The melting point of tungsten metal in the highest, and its prominent advantage is to bring high-melting material good high temperature strength and corrosion resistance, especially in military weapons manufacturing industry showed excellent properties. In the weapons industry which is mainly used in the production of armor-piercing warhead, the main battle tank has a large aspect ratio penetrators, small and medium-caliber anti-aircraft armor-piercing kinetic energy penetrators and ultra-high speed core material with a bomb.

Tungsten alloy powder pretreatment technology by and large deformation strengthening technology, grain refinement of materials, elongated grain orientation in order to improve the toughness and penetrating power of the material. Our main battle tank developed 125Ⅱ type tungsten penetrator core material for the W-Ni-Fe, using variable density compacts sintering process, the tensile strength of 1200 MPa average performance reached more than 15% elongation, tactical and technical indicators for 2000 m from the breakdown of 600 mm thick homogeneous steel armor.

 

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Adiabatic shear is under high strain rate loading conditions of material deformation and fracture of a special mechanism, adiabatic shear band is the material or component of shear strain highly concentrated narrow area. Adiabatic shear deformation localization in a wide variety of metal suffered explosions, penetration, high-speed collision, such as high-speed cutting and abrasion during deformation, after the pre-tungsten alloy tungsten grain deformation reverse direction with the maximum shear stress direction close to the bomb target impact process in favor of adiabatic shear deformation and shear failure occurs. Therefore, to improve the performance of adiabatic shear tungsten alloy material to enhance the performance of tungsten alloy rod projectile penetration is currently one of the hotspots.

For half a century, tungsten alloy rod bomb adiabatic shear deformation studies, mainly in three aspects: first, starting from the constitutive relation tungsten alloy, establish adiabatic shear deformation localized instability model; second from microstructure, structure starting to explore the microstructural characteristics of the organization and its nucleation and micro factors grew up; third, using computer numerical simulation of the evolution of adiabatic shear band and should stand the strain and temperature fields research.


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