Ta Doping Tungsten Trioxide Electrochromic Film

Some experts have observed the surface morphology of Ta doping tungsten trioxide electrochromic film. The SEM micrographs are shown as below. Curve (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) are WO3 films which are undoped with 5% Ta, 10% Ta, 15% Ta, 25% Ta, and 35% Ta, respectively.

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As can be seen from the (a), the undoped tungsten oxide film is a porous material composed of fine nanoparticles, and the surface of the film is evenly flat with fine cracks. When the amount of Ta doping is 5% to 10%, the surface of the film is still flat and the cracks are gradually reduced, as shown in (b) and (c). When the doping amount of Ta reaches 15%-25%, the surface of the film is no longer flat, and some convex nano-cluster particles are formed, as shown in (c) and (d). When the Ta doping amount is further increased to 35%, some micron-sized particles are scattered on the surface of the film as shown in (f). The magnified surface morphology of these particles is shown in (g). Experts said that the composition of these particles is not different from the composition of other parts of the film, but the density is higher. Obviously, the structure is detrimental to the transport of ions in the film.

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