Ti-doped WO3 thin film refers to a doped tungsten trioxide film obtained by doping Ti element, which is mostly used on architectural glass to adjust the transmittance of ultraviolet rays and near-infrared rays in sunlight. It means that the obtained building glasses of tungsten trioxide are all smart glasses of high heat insulation performance.

Crystalline WO3 film is one type of tungsten trioxide thin film, and the other is an amorphous WO3 film. The crystalline tungsten oxide film and the amorphous one are electrochromic films. Experts said that the degree of crystallization has a certain influence on the electrochromism and other performance of tungsten oxide, such as modulation amplitude and color change efficiency. The specific impact is as follows:

Amorphous WO3 film has an electrochromic effect, according to experts. As the structure of the thin film is relatively loose, it is advantageous for lithium ion insertion and extraction. However, they also found that in the cyclic discoloration, the structure of the film was gradually destroyed. After 200 cycles, the optical modulation amplitude was reduced from 48.0% to 3.0%, and WO3 turned brownish yellow, so it is impossible to realize the circulation of color change.

Doped WO3, more precisely, nano doped tungsten trioxide, is the focus of future research on tungsten trioxide. As you may have known, tungsten trioxide, as a broadband N-type transition metal oxide, has good characteristics in electrochromism, gas sensing and photocatalysis. And its performance of electrochromism, photochromism, gas sensing and photocatalysis can be improved by doping, which make it widely used in gas sensors, electrochromic devices, photocatalytic reagents and other fields.

WO3 nano thin film, which is more and more widely used in smart glass of building, can be prepared by a sputter coating method. For example, some experts have prepared nano tungsten trioxide thin films by DC reactive magnetron sputtering on unpolished Al2O3 substrates. Experts say that magnetron sputtering is a commonly used sputter coating method. So, do you know the principle of magnetron sputtering method?

Doped WO3 thin film can be prepared by electron beam evaporation method. For example, some experts used the mixed powder of WO3 and CNT as raw materials to prepare NWCNT doped WO3 film on the Al2O3 substrate by electron beam evaporation method. According to experts, the electron beam evaporation method is one of the evaporation coating methods. And the evaporation coating method is one of the physical vapor deposition methods.

Ti-doped WO3 can be prepared by co-sputtering method. Some experts have used this method to prepare the Ti-doped tungsten trioxide film. They found that by changing the reaction conditions, such as increasing the pressure in the oxygen chamber, the experimental results are as follows:

Ce doped tungsten oxide can be prepared by solid phase sintering method, which has the advantages of simple process and low cost. So what is solid phase sintering method? How to synthesize tungsten oxide or doped tungsten oxide by solid phase sintering method?

Co doped tungsten oxide can be synthesized by hydrothermal method, which has the advantages of uniform particle size, high purity and good crystallinity. Some experts add CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) to Na2WO4 solution and Co(NO3)2 solution to obtain tungstic acid precipitation and cobalt acid precipitation, and transferred the precipitate to the reactor for hydrothermal reaction for 12h to obtain Co-doped nano tungsten trioxide powder.

Pt doped tungsten oxide can be synthesized by sol-gel method, which has the advantages of simple process, low equipment cost, controllable reaction process, and convenient production of thin film materials on a large scale. Some experts have adopted the sol-gel method to synthesize Pt-doped WO3 film. The process is as follows: