In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, chemical researchers designed a method for preparing nano-tungsten disulfide with a fullerene structure. 

To ensure the electromagnetic characteristics and processing quality and efficiency of cutting magnetic components, the properties of nonmagnetic and good wear residence of Forming die and cutting tool are the major factors.

The conventinal autoclave soda leaching is a mature method for treating tungsten concentrate, where tungsten concentrate reacts with sodium carbonate to produce sodium tungstate. And finally through ion exchange and evaporative crystallization, ammonium paratungstate (APT) was manufactured. However the mass waste water is produced during the process.

The applications of nanocrystalline tungsten oxide (WO₃) include electrochromic, photochromic, gasochromic and sonochromic devices, as a photocatalyst for water splitting and purification, for photoelectrochemical decomposition of water, in heterogeneous catalysts. With the excellent gas sensitivity, another important application is gas sensors.