Platinum (Pt) and Pt alloy electrocatalysts supported on carbon (Pt/C) are the best catalysts for methanol oxidation in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). However, their high cost hinder the commercialization of DMFC. Recently, due to the strong synergy between metal oxides and Pt, people have focused their attention on metal oxides. Among the metal oxides, tungsten trioxide (WO3) has special electrochemical properties and can be used as an electrocatalyst carrier.

Global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions has become an unignorable threat to human survival. The increase in global mean temperature is directly proportional to the accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Biofuels have become an attractive option to replace current petroleum-based liquid fuels.

Progesterone (PGT) are important hormone and it is endogenous-steroid and female sex hormone involved in the pregnancy, menstrual cycle, and embryogenesis of humans. Therefore, sensitive, and rapid detection of low concentrations in biological fluids has become increasingly important. 

With the intensification of global warming and fossil energy crisis, people are paying more and more attention to the search for renewable clean energy. Solar energy and hydrogen energy are a kind of sustainable energy. Photocatalytic technology can convert solar energy into hydrogen energy. In recent years, the use of semiconductor materials to split water to produce hydrogen under light has always been a research hotspot.