Photocatalytic degradation is considered as a promising technology for complete wastewater decontamination because of its organic and synthetic dormancy, essential limit, cost-viability, and long haul security against chemical corrosion. Photocatalytic degradation on dyes such as rhodamine B (RhB) has gained a lot attention.

Electrochromic smart devices with controllable optical properties are the most promising alternatives to traditional doors and windows. The existing technology preparation and commercialization of large-scale electrochromic films are mainly based on vapor deposition, but large-scale applications are limited by high prices (due to the complex preparation process).

In the past few decades, electrochromic devices have received great attention from researchers in related fields in the materials industry. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is one of the most common electrochromic films that, utilized as electrodes for smart window applications, aiming at reducing the energy consumption in buildings.

Electrochemical supercapacitors have become prominent energy storage devices due to their excellent capacitance behavior, unparalleled power and energy density, and excellent cycle stability.Tungsten trioxide (WO3) has the advantages of various shapes, high theoretical specific capacitance, environmental friendliness, and low cost. It is a promising electrode material. However, its low conductivity (10-5-10-6 S cm-1) limits its wide application. Doping or dispersing WO3 with highly conductive carbon materials is a solution to overcome these shortcomings.