Tungsten oxide is a typical transition metal oxide and a common tungsten compound. Its chemical formula is usually expressed as WO₃, but in practical applications, due to the existence of oxygen vacancy, its chemical composition may deviate from the ideal stoichiometric ratio, so it is often expressed as WO₃₋ₓ (where x is between 0 and 1). This oxygen vacancy phenomenon causes tungsten to be pentavalent or tetravalent in tungsten oxide, further enriching its physical and chemical properties.

As a highly anticipated transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) material, tungsten disulfide nanosheet (WS₂ nanosheet) exhibits a series of excellent optical property due to its unique layered structure and is widely used in the manufacture of high-performance devices such as photodetectors, solar cells and optical sensors.

In the context of increasing environmental awareness today, how to efficiently degrade organic pollutants has become an important topic in the field of scientific research. Tungsten oxide (WO₃-x), as an emerging photocatalytic material, is gradually emerging in this field and has attracted the attention of many researchers. Its emergence has brought new hope and possibilities for solving the problem of organic pollutants.

Tungsten filament, as a metallic material with high melting point, high hardness, and excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, demonstrates unique application value in multiple fields. Besides its well-known use in the bulb manufacturing industry, tungsten filament also plays a pivotal role in vacuum technology.