Solution-Processable Tungsten Oxide Buffer Layers And Electronics Comprising

The present invention relates to the field of organic electronics, such as OLEDs and OPVs . It particularly provides intermediates and material s suitable for manufacturing such rgamc ej.ect.ronj.cs, to spcciiic manur ccu lny cinous ana to It is known to use buffer layers in organic electronics, such as organic light emitting diodes (OLED) or organic photovoltaic cells (OPV) , in order to increase device efficiency. These layers typically have a thickness below lOOnm to retain optical transparency and a low serial resistance . Such layers may comprise WO3 and/or M0O3, which exhibit remarkably deep lying electronic states and are strongly n-doped by oxygen vacancies. Meyer et al. {Adv. Mater . 2008 , 20, 3839—3843 ) disclose efficient hole-i j ection into organic materials with deep-lying HOMO levels from an ITO electrode covered with a M0O3 or WO3 hole inj ection layer (HIL) (also called hole transport layer (HTL) ) . Simplified device structures consisting only of one or two organic layers can therefore be realized. M0O3 and WO3 hole injection layers mentioned above are typically manufactured by thermal evaporation under high vacuum; which is disadvantageous in terms of low-cost , large-area manufacturing processing .

Meyer et al . (Adv. Mater . , Ger . 23, 70 2011 ) and Stubhan et al . (Appl . Phys . Lett . 98 , 253308 2011 ) disclose suspensions comprising M0O3 nanoparticles useful for the solution processing of M0O3 HIL layers in organic electronics . Both documents are silent about the coating type . However, the processes disclosed therein are considered disadvantageous . First, as the solvent (xylene) can damage active organic layers in OLEDs or OPVs . Therefore, applications of the suspensions disclosed therein are limited to inorganic functional layers . Second, as a polymeric dispersing agent is used for the particle stabilization. Upon application of the suspension and drying-off the xylene, the dispersing agent remains in deposited M0O3 layers . This non-volatile organic.

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