How to Buy a Dart (II)

1. When trying to buy darts, usually you should chose flights and shafts and buy a normal setup. If this is your first set, then you can use the middle length shafts and standard flights

2. Never buy a dart only because it looks so good. Never buy a dart you haven't tried before. This is the strongest point for you buying darts by mail order. Of course, if you desperately want this one for suit your teammate, then you had buy numerous of 180s

3. Checked if the barrels of your chosen setting have the same weight! This is very important! A good shop must be equipped with scales. Darts should be within 2/10 of a gram. E.g. a set with 22.1 gr, 22,2 gr and 22.3 gr is acceptable for a "22gram" set. A set with 21.8, 22.0 and 22.2 is not. You should do this for every setting that you buy, no matter how expensive it is. Some of the well-known companies give you a guarantee that the darts are within a certain weight range (Unicorn for instance guarantees within a third of a percent), but this doesn't mean the setting actually suitable range. The guarantee only says that the darts are replaced when you discover a weight range outside the guarantee.

4.Money should not be an argument. Buy what suits you, not what's expensive. Expensive doesn't necessarily mean better (only exception is movable tip darts for steel tip). If you like that $10 set buy it. If it's the $100 set that feels best, then get it if your wallet allows.

5.When looking for your first bristle board. Manufacturer doesn't really matter for you in the first board. "Bristle Board" is the key phrase. Your first bristle board will guide you at least through the first year of dart practicing. Whether you combine it with a fine dart cabinet or place it on the kitchen door is up to you, but you should look for a chalk board of any kind. As long as it's a bristle board, there is no problem getting one via mail order.

 

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Images of Tungsten Oxides and Tungsten Metal

Electron-microscopical images of tungsten oxides and tungsten metal, formed during hydrogen reduction of WO3. The reason for the significant change in form of the powder particles is a result of a chemical vapour transport (CVT) of tungsten via the volatile tungsten hydroxide WO2(OH)2; by courtesy of Prof. Roland Haubner; Vienna University of Technology.tungsten oxides,tungsten metal

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Barrel Shapes

There are some barrel shapes we can chose in the market of dart.

The barrel forms is the main part of a dart. When we are speaking of "buying a (new) dart" we mean getting a new dart barrel. Nowadays barrels are available in almost every possible shape, with a wide selection of knurl or rings on the surface for a comfortable and safe grip.

It's not possible to say which one is the "right" one. Based on a very theoretical reasoning the long cylindrical barrel could be the best of them because it is the slimmest and allows the tightest grouping. But this reasoning doesn't help you when you are not able to handle such a barrel. Selecting the right shape is a matter of personal preference. Choose what feels comfortable for you. This is much more important than an abstract or "academic" reasoning about theoretical advantages or disadvantages of some shapes.

 

 

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Tungsten Oxides Colours (I)

There are several tungsten oxides, but only four of them are of major importance. They all have attractive colours: the yellow WO3, the dark blue W20O58 (WO2.9), the violet W18O49 (W2.72) and the chocolate brown WO2. So-called higher tungsten oxides are structurally related to both the WO3 and W20O58 structures and exhibit chemical formulas between WO2.99 and WO2.889. They belong to the group of non-stoichiometric tungsten oxides, and are of interest mainly to structural chemists. They exhibit colours from yellow to green to very dark blue. The colour changes are a result of a slight loss of oxygen which generates an additional valence state in the WO3 parent structure, either W5+ or W4+. Cation-to-cation charge transfer between the parent W6+ and a reduced ion is responsible for the change in colour.
 
Tungsten oxides are important starting materials for the production of tungsten metal powder by hydrogen reduction. These oxides are formed out of ammonium paratungstate by a thermal decomposition process called “calcination” and are depending on the decomposition conditions (more or less reducing), a mixture of different higher tungsten oxides, including amorphous oxide phases. As described before, they exhibit colours between yellow and dark blue (TBO,“Tungsten Blue Oxide”).
 
 
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How to Buy a Dart (I)

Here is a checklist of what you should pay attention to when you shop for a set of darts.

The supermarket is not proper places for buying darts. Some of these facilities sell darts (steel and soft) now and then, often combined with boards. In 99 percent of all cases this stuff is just plainly useless. If it's soft then the boards tend to have weird dimensions and poor quality (segments will break often with no replacement available). If it is steel then the boards are often paper boards which only last for a couple of darts. The darts supplied with these packages are the cheapest things possible, and in this case cheap doesn't mean low price, it means worthless.

The darts supplied with these packages are the cheapest things possible, and in this case cheap doesn't mean low price, it means worthless.Find a shop that has specialized in darts. If you can't find such a shop then look for a fisherman, hunting or weapon shop. Sometimes these facilities sell dart stuff (at least in Europe), and if they have a board where you can try their darts then you are in business. Pubs and bars where darts is played are also possible places to buy darts.

Take enough time to try different darts. You should spend at least 1 hour for trying different shapes/weights. If the shop doesn't give you this opportunity then it isn't a good shop.

When trying the darts don't judge by what you are hitting with them. Only judge by how the dart is feeling. This is important because when you are trying new darts it is very likely that you are more concentrated and careful than usual. This will result in better hits, but it's not because the dart is so good.

When trying different darts then first try a couple of darts and make the first preselection. For instance, try new sets of darts that look promising. Don't forget to try darts that look very odd for you, or shapes different from the ones you are used to! Prejudice is not the best thing when you are shopping for a new set of darts, you might find the perfect set where you wouldn't have expected it. One you have filtered out about 4 "candidates" you should go on further examining them, filtering half of them out. Then you have 2 sets left to decide which one to buy (most probably this will be the same dart in two adjacent weights).

If you can't get sure which set to buy then buy none of them, not both. If you find it unpleasant to tell the shopkeeper that you won't buy anything after he patiently assisted you in your 2-hour session at the shop then buy a couple of shafts or flights you'll need anyway sooner or later. In long term this will only kill your round-the-corner dart shop which will hurt you more when you discover that you are out of shafts the day before that deciding league match of the season.

 

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The Causes of Tungsten Oxides’Colours

The colours of tungsten oxides are due to light absorption and selective reflection (and/or transmission). This is called subtractive colouration. The colour of the oxides changes with the electronic properties of the oxides which, perse, are a result of the crystal symmetry of the solid. Changes in size, crystallinity or temperature can significantly change the colour, as demonstrated in this article. Chemical vapour transport of tungsten renders the preparation of single crystals of tungsten oxides, but also tungsten metal, to further exploit their interesting structural, optical and electronic properties.
 
 
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Synthesis of Tungsten Trioxide Hydrates

The chemical and physical properties of metal oxides, including tungsten oxide, are generally dependent on the route of their synthesis. Knowledge of the relation between the synthesis conditions of specific metal oxide and its functional properties is important for the possible application of metal oxides in advanced technologies. Tungsten oxide and its hydrates can be synthesized using various chemical methods, such as ‘wet’ chemical precipitation, hydrolysis of tungsten alkoxide or thermal decomposition of tungsten salts. The WO3 films on various substrates can also be prepared using various vacuum techniques. Modification of the chemical or physical route within the same method also influences the resulting properties of the synthesized material.
 
Since the ‘wet’ chemical precipitation method is very sensitive to the physicochemical conditions of the precipitation, the experimental parameters in the chemical synthesis were thoroughly controlled. Tungsten trioxide hydrates were synthesized by cation exchange reaction from sodium tungstate solution and by acidification of the sodium tungstate solution. The cation exchange reaction generates a sodium and chloride free solution with a lot of possibilities for chemical and morphological modifications.
 
 
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Study on Tungsten Oxide Nanorods

Tungsten trioxide has shown good sensing properties towards various gases. Recently thin nanostructured WO3 films have been tested. Due to their large surface area to volume ratio they exhibit good sensitivity depending on the grain size. However in conventional WO3 thin films the average grain size exceeds the thickness of the surface space charge layer, so the electrical conduction is mainly controlled by the carriers transport across the grain boundaries. An alternative way seems to be in a monocrystalline material with nanometric dimensions. Our objective is to fabricate nanosized tungsten oxide rods and to test their sensing properties under gas adsorption. We focus on the growth, the structure and the electrical properties of tungsten nanorods. The tungsten oxide nanorods were grown by vapour transport from a WO3 layer onto a substrate (Mica). The nanorods growth was controlled by the temperature gradient between the WO3 layer and the substrate.
 
 
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Electrical Properties of Tungsten Trioxide Films

Selectively doped semiconducting metal oxide (SMO) films have been shown to have applications as the sensing element in gas microsensors. Critical to the design and operation of these sensors is the SMO film. The electrical properties of both intrinsic and extrinsic (doped with gold) tungsten trioxide (WO3) films, which selectively sorb hydrogen sulfide (H2S), are investigated. Hall effect measurements are performed as a function of film thickness, temperature, gold-doping concentration, and H2S gas concentration. The conductivity was found to be n type and strongly dependent on temperature, gold doping concentration, and H2S gas concentration and less dependent on film thickness. The mobility was relatively high while the intrinsic carrier concentration was low when compared to typical semiconductor materials. The conductivity was shown to exhibit anomalous behavior at certain temperatures and H2S gas concentrations.
 
 
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Tungsten Oxide Powder Typical Applications and Packaging

Tungsten Oxide Powder Typical Applications:
Used in the manufacture of tungsten and tungstates, in alloys, in fire-proofing fabrics and as a ceramic pigment.
 
Tungsten Oxide Powder Packaging:
Jars, pails, drums, multiply paper bags, bulk bags and fiberboard containers. For further information on packaging options contact Chinatungsten Online.
 
 
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