Tungsten Trioxide Applied for Electrochromic Film

Tungsten trioxide is an important material for obtaining an electrochromic film. And the prepared electrochromic film is promising for smart window applications. Therefore, the preparation of WO3 film attracted much attention. According to the experts, there are various conventional deposition methods for fabricating WO3 film, including direct current, radio frequency, magnetron sputtering, sol–gel methods, plasma spraying method, electron beam evaporation, thermal evaporation, and hydrothermal methods.

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Wherein, sol-gel processing is most popular because of its cost-effectiveness, ease of deposition, and uniform large-area films for window application. More importantly, it allows tailor making of the microstructure of films by introducing chemical dopants into the reactant sols or by controlling the annealing conditions, which improves the properties of the tungsten trioxide films. The experts also introduced that there is a strong dependence of electrochromic properties like coloration efficiency, electrochemical kinetics and cyclic durability on layer properties such as layer density and surface morphology. Accordingly, there is a direct relationship between growth techniques and deposition parameters.

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